Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on the Comfort Levels of Patients Undergoing Open Heart Valve Surgery

Comfort is defined as "an expected result with a complex structure within the physical, psychological, social and environmental integrity of helping the individual with his/her needs, providing peace of mind and being able to overcome problems." In his theory, Kolcaba defined comfort as "an expected result with a complex structure within the physical, psychospiritual, social and environmental integrity of helping the individual with his needs, providing peace of mind and overcoming problems. This situation affects recovery and discharge times. Studies indicate that comfort is one of the most important factors affecting the speed of recovery. The sample size of the study was determined using power analysis. As a result of the Power analysis (G*Power 3.1.9.4); when the effect size was taken as Cohen's d: 0.95, the number of samples determined for a confidence interval of 95%, a power of 95%, and a margin of error of 0.05 was determined as a total of 50 patients, with a minimum of 25 patients for each group (Experimental and Control). Considering the block randomization distributions, the study was completed with 56 patients.

Inclusion criteria

• Volunteering to participate in the study,
• Being 18 years of age or older,
• Being open to communication,
• Not having any obstacle in terms of consciousness and sensory organs,
• Being in the cardiovascular surgery service clinic

Exclusion criteria

• Hearing and/or visual loss
• Leaving the study voluntarily
• Patients transferred from the ward environment back to the intensive care environment