Knee Osteoarthritis, Kinesiophobia and Physical Activity

Primary outcomes

1. Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia

   Time frame: 4-8 minutes

   Based on a four-point Likert type, this scale contains 17 items that evaluate fear and anxiety related to physical activity. A total score of greater than 37 is accepted as statistically significant and interpreted as a high level of kinesiophobia. Minimal and maximal scores could be between 17-68 points. Higher scores indicate higher levels of kinesiophobia.

2. International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form

   Time frame: 5-10 minutes

   This questionnaire consists of seven items that measure the duration of the participants' physical activity, walking and sitting within the last seven days in the metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week unit. 3 or more days of vigorous activity of at least 20 minutes per day or 5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30 minutes per day or 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous intensity activities achieving a minimum of at least 600 MET-minutes/week are proposed to be moderate level. Vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days and accumulating at least 1500 MET-minutes/week or 7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate- or vigorous-intensity activities accumulating at least 3000 MET-minutes/week are proposed to be high level.Some activity is reported but not enough to meet categories of moderate or high levels, it is proposed to be low level.

3. Beck Depression Inventory

   Time frame: 10 minutes

   This is a 21-item questionnaire that investigates the characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. A score of 10 or higher indicates depression. Minimal and maximal scores can be 0-63 points. Higher scores indicate higher levels of depression.

4. Visual Analog Scale for the Evaluation of Pain

   Time frame: 0.5 minutes

   For this evaluation, the patient is asked to mark his/her severity of pain on a horizontal 10-cm line with number 0 on one end representing "no pain" and number 10 on the other end indicating "very severe pain". Higher scores indicate higher levels of pain intensity.

5. Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire

   Time frame: 5 minutes

   A scale used to evaluate the quality of life, consisting of 12 items inquiring general health, physical condition, physical limitations, mental status, social status, pain, energy and mental limitation over a total score of 100 points. SF-12 is an abbreviated version of SF-36 and has been proven to be reliable and valid. In this study, we evaluated the patients' total, physical and mental SF-12 scores

6. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index

   Time frame: 10 minutes

   A 24-item measure that was developed to evaluate pain, joint stiffness and physical functions in individuals with knee and hip OA. A higher score indicates a higher level of pain, stiffness and functional limitation. In our study, we used the WOMAC total score.