"Isometric Lower Limbs Exercises Affect on Cardiac Parameters and Headache in Patient After Spinal Anesthesia"

A common technique for lower body anesthesia that has benefits over general anesthesia is spinal anesthesia. Because of its quick onset, predictability, and dependable blockage, spinal anesthesia is the recommended option for lower abdominal and lower extremity surgeries, including orthopedic, urologic, gynecologic, general surgery, and caesarian sections. Additionally, it offers superior postoperative pain management without the dangers of pulmonary aspiration that come with general anesthesia .

Globally, approximately 15 million spinal anesthesia procedures are carried out annually . There were 16,554 patients overall, representing 83 countries. In comparison to other forms of anesthesia, 55,853 (35.4%) of patients underwent spinal anesthesia . An investigation carried out in Zimbabwe demonstrated that using spinal anesthesia to deliver CS constituted 81.0% versus GA's 19.0% .

Bradycardia and hypotension are the most frequent adverse effects of spinal anesthesia. The hypotension brought on by spinal anesthesia is largely caused by a decrease in both cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)( .A frequent side effect of spinal anesthesia (SA) that affects 16-33% of patients is hypotension . reported that The incidence of hypotension following spinal anesthesia during cesarean section was 78.1% among the 320 participants . PSPH may start right away. or delayed for a few days, probably due to the rate of leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . It can considerably reduce patients' mobility, lengthen hospital stays, and raise medical costs An essential component of advanced strength training and rehabilitation is isometric exercise. It causes sympathetic activation, which raises heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate by increasing the metabolic demands on muscles. Higher peripheral resistance causes the diastolic pressure to rise, while increased cardiac output causes the systolic pressure to rise .

At the time isometric training, a continuous intramuscular pressure on the blood vessels was produced, and restricts oxygen delivery, blood flow, and raises peripheral vascular resistance, which means causing the blood pressure .People can easily perform a variety of isometric exercises, like wall squats and handgrip exercises, without the need for costly equipment or a dedicated space, which makes them popular.

The benefits of exercise-induced pain relief are numerous. Initially, athletes might be capable of Use exercises to help them manage their pain right away. before or after an activity. Secondly, physical activity is without the possibility of pharmacological consequences or side effects of prolonged use that are linked to certain interventions. Thirdly, workouts that lessen discomfort are probably more adhered to.

Inclusion criteria

• Women aged 18-40 years undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
• Able to provide informed consent.
• Hemodynamically stable before surgery. -Willing and able to perform lower limb isometric exercises after surgery. -

Exclusion criteria

• History of cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure).
• Neuromuscular disorders affecting lower limb function.
• Complications during surgery or spinal anesthesia (e.g., excessive bleeding,).
• Inability or refusal to participate in exercise protocol.
• Postoperative complications preventing mobilization (e.g., severe pain).
• History of migraine or recurrent headaches (to avoid confounding post-spinal headache measurement).

Patients with varicose veins or history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).