Investigation of TWK10 Administration on the Effects of Amino Acid Absorption

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for analysis, wherein the liquid chromatography system was Acquity UPLC, and the column used was Waters C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 1.8 μm), and the temperature of the column was set at 45 °C, the mobile phases used were water and 100% acetonitrile, both of which contained 0.1% formic acid, the flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, and the injection volume of the test solution was 2 μL.

Use muscular ultrasound (BenQ T3300) to scan

Customized IMTP test equipment and two force plates (type 9287BA, Kistler Instruments AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) were used. All participants stood with their feet the same width apart, and the rod was placed between the thighs, with the torso upright, the spine neutral, and the knee and hip angles at 140°, to familiarize the participants with the IMPT test method. The average absolute peak force (PF) were recorded.

Customized IMTP test equipment and two force plates (type 9287BA, Kistler Instruments AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) were used. All participants stood with their feet the same width apart, and the rod was placed between the thighs, with the torso upright, the spine neutral, and the knee and hip angles at 140°, to familiarize the participants with the IMPT test method. The average absolute peak rate of force development (RFD) parameters were recorded.

After a standard warm-up, all subjects were assessed with the classical WAnT on a cycloergometer (Monark 894E, Varberg, Sweden) in a 30 s "go all out" ultramax test. The seat height was adjusted to the satisfaction of each participant, and toe clips prevented the feet from slipping off the pedals. Before the initial test, the subjects warmed up for 5 min, and the power was approximately 50 W. After the warm-up, two preparation exercises lasting 3 s, during which the actual test load was 3% of their own body weight, were applied to accustom the participant to resistance. The test started, and the resistance was set on the friction belt of the dynamometer. External loading was estimated individually at 5% body weight. The recorded results were the relative mean power (W/kg)

After a standard warm-up, all subjects were assessed with the classical WAnT on a cycloergometer (Monark 894E, Varberg, Sweden) in a 30 s "go all out" ultramax test. The seat height was adjusted to the satisfaction of each participant, and toe clips prevented the feet from slipping off the pedals. Before the initial test, the subjects warmed up for 5 min, and the power was approximately 50 W. After the warm-up, two preparation exercises lasting 3 s, during which the actual test load was 3% of their own body weight, were applied to accustom the participant to resistance. The test started, and the resistance was set on the friction belt of the dynamometer. External loading was estimated individually at 5% body weight. The recorded results were the relative peak power (W/kg)

After a standard warm-up, all subjects were assessed with the classical WAnT on a cycloergometer (Monark 894E, Varberg, Sweden) in a 30 s "go all out" ultramax test. The seat height was adjusted to the satisfaction of each participant, and toe clips prevented the feet from slipping off the pedals. Before the initial test, the subjects warmed up for 5 min, and the power was approximately 50 W. After the warm-up, two preparation exercises lasting 3 s, during which the actual test load was 3% of their own body weight, were applied to accustom the participant to resistance. The test started, and the resistance was set on the friction belt of the dynamometer. External loading was estimated individually at 5% body weight. The recorded results were the fatigue index (%)

A non-invasive dual-energy X-ray absorptive bone density testing room (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for systemic body composition and bone density measurements. The subject was required to lie flat on the test bed, with their body at the center line, and their limbs within the detection range. Two different energy X-rays were used to scan the inspected part, then the scintillation detector received the X-rays that had penetrated the inspected part, and analyzed the obtained muscle mass

A non-invasive dual-energy X-ray absorptive bone density testing room (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for systemic body composition and bone density measurements. The subject was required to lie flat on the test bed, with their body at the center line, and their limbs within the detection range. Two different energy X-rays were used to scan the inspected part, then the scintillation detector received the X-rays that had penetrated the inspected part, and analyzed the obtained fat mass

Bench press with Smith machine and add weight to find individual 1RM

Assessing subjects' living conditions using the CIS scale. 1 is the least match, 5 is the most match

Using the VAS scale to measure the subjective feelings of the subjects after exercise, 1 is the least tired, 5 is the most tired

Use the RPE scale to record how hard the subjects are after the test, 6 points are the least hard, 20 points are the hardest

After 4 weeks of intervention, the 3-day diet was recorded and the calorie intake was calculated by the dietitian