Investigation of the Effects of Kettlebell Training

It is a self-report questionnaire that measures pain and disability in the shoulder. It consists of 13 items in 2 subscales: pain (5 items) and disability (8 items). Items for both subscales are measured with visual analog scales ranging from 0 (no pain or difficulty) to 10 (worst pain imaginable or difficult enough to require assistance).

Participants are placed in a position that does not restrict arm movement on the test side. In this position, they are instructed to hold a 3 kg ball in their hands at shoulder level with pain. Thus, from this initial positioning the participant pushes the ball as far as possible without noticing any compensation with the body. The evaluator administers the test independently and requests 3 applications at the participant's maximum capacity, with verbal stimulation and 1 minute rest between repetitions, and the average of these 3 applications is calculated.

For testing; The mechanism is established by combining 1.5 meter (m) lines in the medial, inferolateral and superolateral directions at appropriate angles. For the test, participants are asked to come into a push-up position and reach in all three directions with their free hands. Maximum reach distance will be recorded in centimeters (cm). In order to normalize the reach distances according to the limb length, the maximum values in each direction are summed, divided by 3 times the limb length and multiplied by 100.

Individuals will be positioned in a push-up position with their bodies aligned in a straight line when viewed from the side, with a distance of 90 cm between their hands. Athletes will be asked to touch the dominant hand to the dorsum of the other hand within 15 seconds, and the total number of repetitions is recorded. The tests are repeated three times with a 45-second rest between tests and the average of the results is recorded.

Values resulting from isometric contraction will be recorded in kg. Muscle strength measurements will be evaluated bilaterally, in three repetitions, for 5 seconds. The average value of the triplicate results obtained will be recorded.

Measurements were made while the individuals were standing, with the elbow and wrist in full extension. Measurements are repeated three times at 5-second intervals on the dominant and non-dominant hands (first right, then left and right again, etc.) and recorded in kilograms, and then their average is taken.

This scale is a frequently used scale for the evaluation of clinical research in the musculoskeletal field. It is used to determine the improvement or deterioration of patients over a specified period of time. On the numerical scale, one represents "my pain has decreased a lot in a good way," while seven means "my pain has increased a lot in a bad way," and people report changes in pain compared to baseline.