Investigation of Novel and Established Therapies in a Human Intravenous Lipopolysaccharide Model of Sepsis

The benefits of intravenous fluid administration in sepsis remain uncertain. A growing body of evidence suggests that excessive fluid administration is harmful. An association between a more positive fluid balance and mortality in critically ill patients has been repeatedly demonstrated. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that intravenous fluid administration induces glycocalyx injury, thought to be mediated by shear stress. In sepsis the rapid administration of intravenous fluids is hypothesised to exacerbate glycocalyx injury, capillary leak and tissue oedema formation.

Recent work has highlighted the protective effects of Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on endothelial barrier function in animal models of microcirculatory dysfunction as well as in patients with endothelial barrier dysfunction. Moreover, Imatinib has also been demonstrated to attenuate markers of systemic inflammation in animals with a LPS-induced lung injury model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is, therefore, a growing body of evidence to support a potential therapeutic role for Imatinib in disease states involving inflammatory vascular leak.

The hypothesis being tested is that:

• Intravenous fluid therapy will exacerbate the degree of vascular dysfunction and systemic inflammation observed in this model.
• Imatinib pre-treatment will attenuate the degree of vascular dysfunction and systemic inflammation observed in this model.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy adult volunteers aged between 18 and 40 years of age
• Informed consent to participate

Exclusion criteria

• Current participation in a clinical trial
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Current history of smoking
• Alcohol intake > 21 units per week
• Regular intake of any relevant prescription or over-the-counter medication. Any regular medication use will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis as to (a) risk and (b) potential confounding effect.
• Oxygen saturation <95% breathing room air
• Abnormal findings on history, examination or laboratory tests suggestive of underlying illness (in the opinion of the clinician undertaking screening)
• History of recurrent vaso-vagal episodes
• Allergy to Imatinib
• Positive or equivocal hepatitis B or C serology result