InvesT1D: Promoting Adolescent Investment in Diabetes Care

Adolescents face many challenges as they transition from childhood to adulthood. For adolescents with type 1 diabetes, there are additional responsibilities that come with daily diabetes self-management.

The goal of this study is to find out whether financial incentives can help adolescents with their daily self-management. Adolescent participants will be assigned to one of 6 groups. Some participants will be asked to choose diabetes self-management goals such as increasing daily bolus insulin administration or increasing their continuous glucose monitoring system wear time, and then will be provided with financial incentives (money) when they meet their selected goals. Other participants will be asked to continue their diabetes management as usual.

Researchers will collect data from 96 adolescent participants and their caregivers to assess change in glucose levels, as well as adolescent and caregiver person-reported outcomes.

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ≥12 months
• Utilize a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) to support diabetes management
• Average daily CGM use is less than or equal to 70% of the time and/or their baseline average insulin bolus administration is less than or equal to 3 times a day
• Are using diabetes technology that allows for tracking of bolus insulin administration if participant wants to work on improving daily bolus insulin administration
• Cognitively able to participate in incentive program and complete surveys
• Have access to a mobile phone to receive information about goal attainment and incentive updates
• Have the ability to upload glucose and insulin administration data remotely per processes used by participant's diabetes care team
• Caregivers are willing to participate in study and complete surveys

Exclusion criteria

• At time of screening, average CGM wear is greater than 70% of the time or baseline average insulin bolus administration is greater than 3 times a day
• Adolescent is not interested in using diabetes technology that allows for tracking of bolus insulin administration if participant wants to work on improving daily bolus insulin administration
• Cognitively or physically unable to participate
• Adolescent is a ward of the state
• Severe comorbidities including other major chronic health conditions that significantly impact daily management demands or health outcomes
• Caregivers are not willing to participate in study and complete surveys