Intraosseous Morphine Administration During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

The study will measure patient-reported levels of pain on a daily basis (for a total of two weeks) with a symptom journal, which will ask patients to report on a variety of pain-related outcomes including levels of pain throughout different times of day, levels of nausea throughout different times of the day, and what pain medication(s) they are taking and at what time.

To examine if the use of IO morphine will result in different levels of post-operative opioid use compared to SOC administration of morphine. This outcome will be assessed utilizing the daily symptom journal which will ask patients to complete daily logs of the pain medication that they take (what kind, what dose, when they took it, etc.) for two weeks following their operation.

Participants will be asked to complete the Lysholm Knee survey at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postop which will assess patient progress following surgery such as pain, swelling, climbing stairs, using a crutch, etc. The Lysholm scale consists of eight items with each question response being assigned an arbitrary score on an increasing scale. The total score is the sum of each response to the eight questions and may range from 0-100 where higher scores indicate a better outcome with fewer symptoms or disability.

Patients will complete the KOOS, JR. Knee Survey to self-report their level of difficulty/pain (from none to extreme) certain movements have caused them. KOOS, JR is scored by summing the raw response (range 0-28) and then converting it to an interval score. The interval score ranges from 0 to 100 where 0 represents total knee disability and 100 represents perfect knee health.

Patients will complete the Tegner Activity Level Survey which will ask them to self-report their pre-operative and post-operative level of activity. The rating system scores a person's activity level between 0 and 10, where 0 is "sick leave or disability pension because of knee problems" and 10 is "participation in competitive sports such as soccer at a national or international elite level." As such, a higher score reflects better outcomes on this measure.

The Lysholm Knee Survey will ask specific questions with a variety of responses to reflect movement-ability responses such as the use of a cane, the presence of a limp, squatting, climbing stairs, etc.The Lysholm scale consists of eight items with each question response being assigned an arbitrary score on an increasing scale. The total score is the sum of each response to the eight questions and may range from 0-100 where higher scores indicate a better outcome with fewer symptoms or disability.