Intra-muscular Botulinum Toxin A in Chronic Athletic Pubalgia

The investigators included consecutive individuals with chronic athletic pubalgia for whom medical and/or surgical treatments have failed and who were treated with an intra-muscular injection of botulinum toxin A under ultrasound guidance. Participants were assessed 50 days after injection for pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS) (0, no pain, and 100, maximal pain) and for activity limitations and quality of life using the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) (0, worse outcome, and 100, most favorable outcome). Participants were also asked to self-report adverse events.

Inclusion criteria

• chronic AP
• symptom duration ≥ 3 months
• consistent clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings according to the clinician
• failure of medical and/or surgical treatments with persistent pain and inability to return to play
• treatment with an intra-muscular injection of botulinum toxin A injection

Exclusion criteria

• age under 18 years
• ongoing pregnancy or breastfeeding
• treatments by anticoagulants
• muscular disorder (e.g. polymyositis, myopathy or other neuromuscular conditions)
• guardianship or curatorship
• individuals who had received botulinum toxin type A treatment for less than one year