Integrative Mindfulness-Based Predictive Approach for Chronic Low Back Pain Treatment

The PEG is a 3-question scale: "pain average", "interference with general activity" and "interference with enjoyment of life". Each question is on a 0-10 scale, and total PEG is the average. Scores can range from 0-30 and <12=Mild,12 to <21 = Moderate, 21 to 30 = Severe chronic pain.

The total score is determined by adding together the scores of each of the four items. Scores are rated as normal (0-2), mild (3-5), moderate (6-8), and severe (9-12). Total score ≥3 for first 2 questions suggests anxiety. Total score ≥3 for last 2 questions suggests depression.

This is calculated by assigning scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 to the response categories, respectively, of "not at all," "several days," "more than half the days," and "nearly every day." GAD-7 total score for the seven items ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety symptoms.

The PSEQ is a 10-question survey that measures the confidence of a person with persistent pain to do a range of activities while in pain. The total score ranges from 0 to 60. High PSEQ scores are strongly associated with clinically- significant functional levels and provide a useful gauge for evaluating outcomes in chronic pain patients. Higher scores (and a higher percentile) represent higher confidence to function with pain.

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) measures three aspects of catastrophic cognitions about pain-rumination, magnification, and helplessness. It consists of 13 items scored from 0 to 4, with a total range of 0 to 52. Higher scores are less favorable and a score of more than 30 points may indicate clinical relevance.

The PROMIS-29 v2. 0 profile measure assesses pain intensity using a single 0-10 numeric rating item and seven health domains (physical function, fatigue, pain interference, depressive symptoms, anxiety, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and sleep disturbance) using four items for each domain. HIgher scores indicate greater pain intensity.

Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) will be used to assess this outcome. A score of 1=No change (or condition has got worse), 2 = Almost the same, hardly any change at all, 3 = A little better, but no noticeable change, 4 = Somewhat better, but the change has not made any real difference, 5 = Moderately better, and a slight but noticeable change, 6 = Better, and a definite improvement that has made a real and worthwhile difference 7 = A great deal better, and a considerable improvement that has made all the difference. A 2-point change is significant from the last reported score

The CAMS-R is a 12-item measure designed to capture a broad conceptualization of mindfulness with language that is not specific to any particular type of meditation training. Items 2, 6, and 7 are reverse-scored. After appropriate reversals, values for items 1 - 12 are summed. Higher values reflect greater mindful qualities.

The PROMIS 6a scale is composed of 6 items developed to assess the domain of sleep disturbances in the past 7 days. The first two scale items assess sleep quality and the following 4 items assess domains of restfulness, sleep problems, and difficulty falling asleep. Each question has five response options ranging in value from one to five. To find the total raw score for a short so the range of scores is 6 to 30.

One question assesses sleep duration. This survey measures the impact of pain on the quality of sleep

Six questions ask about treatment expectancy. It assesses participants' attitudes towards and perceptions of treatment components that associated with nont specific treatment effects

12 questions that ask about social support in regards to how many people a person sees and talk to regularly. The total score is calculated by finding the sum of the all items with a higher score indicating more social engagement.