Integrating Digital Phenotypes and AI-Driven Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Advancing Precision Medicine in Depression Through Digital Medicine

Depression severity is measured by the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). A higher score indicates greater severity, a score of ≥18 indicates moderate to severe depression.

Depression severity is measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A score of ≥10 is the most common threshold used to identify individuals likely to have major depressive disorder.

Stress level is measured by the Life Events Perceived Stress (LEPS). A total score of ≥27 is widely recognized as the cut-off for high perceived stress.

Quality of Life Assessment is measured by the EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D). The Index Score (usually 0 to 1), where 1.0 is full health, index scores below 0.6 are often characterized as representing low quality of life

Psychological well-being is measured by the Brief Live Experience Questionnaire (BLEQ12). Score Range: 0-36; higher scores indicate greater general psychological well-being.

Resilience is measured by the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). The scale uses a 7-point semantic differential scale (e.g., ranging from "Difficult to accomplish" to "Possible to accomplish"), with a total score range of: 33 to 231.

Resilience is measured by the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire. ACE Score (0-13): One point is given for each category of trauma experienced. The "Cut-off": A score of ≥4 is the widely recognized threshold where the risk of chronic disease, depression, and social problems increases significantly.

Nutrition Assessment is measured by the Taiwanese version of the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA). The MNA Long Form consists of 18 items with a maximum score of 30 points, where a score of 24 to 30 points indicates normal nutritional status, 17 to 23.5 points indicates a risk of malnutrition, and less than 17 points signifies that the individual is malnourished.

Peripheral Neuropathy Symptom is measured by the self-reported Neurotoxicity Rating Scale (NTRS)

Continuous monitoring of daily physical activity via the Garmin Vívoactive 5 wearable device. Unit of Measure: number of steps per day. <5,000 steps/day is often defined as "sedentary," while >7,500 steps/day is "physically active"

Continuous monitoring of the variation in time between consecutive heartbeats measured during rest using the Garmin Vívoactive 5. Unit of Measure: Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in milliseconds (ms). Absolute Values (RMSSD): For healthy adults (ages 38-42), a normal range is typically 19-48 ms. Scores significantly below this (e.g., <20 ms) are often used as a cut-off for high physiological stress or poor recovery.

Continuous monitoring is measured using the Garmin Vívoactive 5. Garmin's internal "Sleep Score" (0-100) uses 60 as the threshold for "Poor" sleep. A higher score shows better results.