Integrated Recovery Program for Critical Illness

The Barthel Index is a validated instrument used to assess functional independence in activities of daily living (ADLs). It evaluates a person's ability to perform ten basic self-care and mobility tasks, such as feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, bowel and bladder control, toileting, chair/bed transfers, ambulation, and stair climbing. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence.

Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) is a measure of respiratory muscle strength, specifically the strength of the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles. It is assessed by having the individual inhale as forcefully as possible against an occluded airway, typically measured in centimeters of water pressure (cmH₂O). MIP is a key indicator of ventilatory muscle function and is commonly used in critical care, pulmonary rehabilitation, and neuromuscular disease assessment.

Grip strength is a simple and reliable measure of overall muscle strength, particularly of the upper extremities. It is commonly used as a proxy for general physical function and is strongly associated with mobility, nutritional status, and overall health outcomes. Lower grip strength has been linked to increased risk of disability, hospitalization, and mortality.

The Modified 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (m30STS) is a functional performance test used to assess lower limb muscle strength and endurance. It measures the number of times an individual can rise from a seated to a standing position in 30 seconds. In the modified version, participants are allowed to use their upper limbs (e.g., pushing off from the chair or armrests) to complete the movement, making it more suitable for frail or physically limited individuals, such as older adults or ICU survivors.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief, standardized screening tool designed to detect mild cognitive impairment. It evaluates multiple cognitive domains, including attention, executive function, memory, language, visuospatial ability, abstract thinking, calculation, and orientation. The test is scored out of 30 points, with a score of 26 or above generally considered normal.

The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a widely used, validated tool for the detection of delirium in clinical settings. It allows non-psychiatric clinicians to identify delirium quickly and accurately based on four key diagnostic features: (1) Acute onset and fluctuating course; (2) Inattention; (3) Disorganized thinking; (4) Altered level of consciousness. A diagnosis of delirium using CAM requires the presence of features 1 and 2, plus either feature 3 or 4.

Body weight refers to the total mass of an individual and is typically measured in kilograms (kg) using a calibrated digital or mechanical scale. It is a key parameter in clinical assessments, nutritional evaluations, and outcome monitoring.

Calf circumference is a simple and non-invasive anthropometric measurement used to assess muscle mass and nutritional status, particularly in older adults. Calf circumference was measured at the widest point of the non-dominant leg using a flexible, non-elastic tape measure, with participants in a seated position and knees at 90 degrees. Measurements were recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Cut-off values of <34 cm for men and <33 cm for women were used to identify low muscle mass, according to the AWGS 2019 criteria.

The MBI-HSS is a widely used psychological assessment tool designed to measure burnout specifically in professionals working in human services and healthcare, such as nurses, doctors, social workers, and therapists. The survey consists of 22 items (questions). It measures three key dimensions of burnout: (1)Emotional Exhaustion; (2)Depersonalization; (3)Personal Accomplishment. Respondents rate the frequency of experiencing each feeling or attitude on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (every day). Higher scores in Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, along with lower scores in Personal Accomplishment, indicate greater levels of burnout.

Intention to leave is measured by the level of agreement with the following three statements: (1) I plan to leave my job within the next year; (2) I am actively looking for other job opportunities; (3) I want to continue working in this job. Nurses rate these statements using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Higher scores on the first and second statements, as well as lower scores on the third statement, indicate a higher intention to leave.

Mortality rate is a statistical measure that represents the number of deaths in a specific population during a given period of time.