Integrated Model for Promoting Parenting and Early School Readiness in Pediatrics

Caregiver's reports of cognitive stimulation. For example engagement in reading, teaching, and play (e.g., StimQ, Dreyer, Mendelsohn, & Tamis-LeMonda, 1995; Mendelsohn, Dreyer, & Tamis-LeMonda, 1999)

Caregiver's reports of discipline strategies (e.g., Socolar et al., 2004; Incredible Years, Webster-Stratton, 2001; Steele et al., 2005)

Caregiver's reports and coded videotaped interactions between caregivers and children (e.g., Parenting Young Children, PARYC; McEachern et al., 2011)

Observer reports of the home environment (e.g., HOME inventory: Infant-Toddler (IT), Bradley & Caldwell, 1984)

Caregiver's reports of depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987; Cox, Chapman, Declan & Jones, 1995)

Caregiver's reports of stress, support, and perceptions of daily hassles (e.g., Abidin Parenting Stress Index, Abidin, 1990; General Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, Crnic, 1983; Parenting Daily Hassle scale, Crnic & Greenberg, 1990; Concern for Children scale, Vines & Baird, 2009)

Caregiver's reports of their child's behavioral problems, including externalizing and internalizing problems and prosocial behavior and social skills (e.g., Child Behavior Checklist; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000; BASC-3, Altmann et al., 2017; Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, ITSEA, Carter & Briggs-Gowan, 1993; Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, BITSEA, Briggs-Gowan & Carter, 2006; Positive Behavior Scale, Epps et al., 2003)

Caregiver report of non-verbal communication and early expressive language (e.g., MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory; CDI, Fenson et al., 2008; Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale, CSBS, Wetherby et al., 2001)

Direct assessment of children's achievement, including receptive language skills, early academic skills including, reading, math, and writing as well as oral language abilities and academic knowledge (e.g., Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Tests; ROWPVT, Martin and Brownell, 2010; Woodcock Johnson-IV Letter-Word Identification, Applied Problems and Oral Language Comprehension (WJ-IV)/ Bateria III Woodcock-Munoz, Muñoz-Sandoval et al., 2007; McGrew et al., 2014; Test of Word Reading Eficiency (TOWRE), Tarar et al., 2015)

Direct assessment of children's executive functioning, including cognitive skills, inhibitory control, and effortful control (e.g., Dimensional Change Card Sort, DCCS, Zelazo, 2006; Walk a Line, Cookie Waiting, Kochanska et al., 2000)

Caregiver's reports of relationship quality, including the caregiver's perception of conflict and warmth/openness in relationship with the child (e.g., Adult Child Relationship Scale, Pianta & Steinberg, 1991)

Observer reports of children's attention/emotional regulation during the direct assessment (e.g., Preschool Self-Regulation Interviewer Assessment, PSRA, Smith-Donald et al., 2007; Moffit Scale, Caspi et al., 1995)

Examiner impressions of parenting quality, including measures of responsivity, acceptance, involvement, social skills, and affect. (e.g., items adapted from HOME inventory: Infant-Toddler (IT), Bradley & Caldwell, 1984)

Caregiver's reports of their child's temperament (e.g., Infant Characteristics Questionnaire, Bates, Freeland, & Lounsbury, 1979; Children's Behavior Questionnaire, CBQ, Rothbart, 2007)

Caregiver's reports of their child's Early Intervention referrals and services received

Attendance in well-child care, growth/ nutrition

Caregiver's reports of relationship quality, including the caregiver's perception of conflict and warmth/openness in relationship with the child (e.g., Adult Child Relationship Scale, Pianta & Steinberg, 1991)

Caregiver's reports of routines and activities, including, play, planning, feeding, sleep and media (e.g., McEachern, Dishion, Weaver, Shaw, Wilson, Gardner, 2012; Mendelsohn et al., 2008; Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire, Thompson, A. L., et al. 2009; Parent Teacher Involvement, Kohl et al., 2000)

Caregiver's reports of relationship satisfaction and conflict (e.g., Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Spanier, 1976)

Caregiver's reports of their ability to maintain emotional equilibrium when faced with child rearing challenges (e.g., Raver, 2003) and difficulties with emotion regulation (Kaufman et al., 2015)

Caregiver's reports of their self-efficacy and beliefs related to children's behavior and school readiness. readiness (e.g., adapted Pachter, Sheehan & Cloutier, 2000; Parenting Self-Agency Measure, PSAM, Dumka et al., 1996)

Direct assessment of children's ability to understand and retell narratives, and use higher-order language (e.g., Reese et al., 2012)

Direct assessment of children's ability to mentally represent others' internal states, including measures of false belief and memory control (e.g., Mahy et al., 2017)

Caregiver's reports of mindfulness in parenting behavior (e.g., Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting, IM-P, Duncan, 2007)