Integrated Management of Atypical Parkinsonism: A Home-based Patient-Centered Healthcare Delivery Based on Telenursing (IMPACT Study)

People with parkinsonism experience a wide range of motor and non-motor disorders associated with the increasing complexity of care delivery and the increased risk of complications with increased hospital access. Although a number of multidisciplinary care models have been proposed so far, results have been disappointing in terms of benefit in quality of life and cost-effectiveness. An integrated remote care model at home, involving a parkinsonism nurse specialist (PKNS) as well as a movement disorder specialist, could offer significant benefits to patients and healthcare professionals through better health education, continuity of care and more careful monitoring of the complications of the accident. In this multicenter, randomized, single-blinded, case-control trial, the investigators will recruit 164 patients with atypical parkinsonism (either MSA or PSP) to investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a 12-month remote home-based integrated program to improve healthcare delivery, coordinated by a specialized nurse (case manager) compared to standard medical care. This organizational model of personalized medicine aims to simplify, standardize and improve patient care and monitoring over time, including remote management of situations of urgency. This telenursing program consists of both proactive and reactive monitoring approaches acting synergistically to optimize the continuity of care by tertiary expert movement disorders clinics. In proactive monitoring, patients are contacted at baseline (to create a patient record focused on identifying individual-specific vulnerabilities) and then every 3 months. During the 12-month study period, patients and caregivers may contact the case manager in case of any problems (reactive monitoring), who may: (a) deal with the specific problem also by interacting with the participant's general practitioner and other healthcare professionals (e.g. physical therapist, psychologist, nutritionist, occupational therapist, social worker, etc) or (b) refer to the neurologist for teleconsultation or in-person visit according to a semi-structured algorithm, which assigns 4 levels of priority. Participants will be evaluated with clinical scales testing the quality of life, motor and non-motor symptoms, caregiver burden, adherence to therapy, cumulative disease burden and the number of unscheduled hospital access during the study period. The cost-effectiveness of this method will also be evaluated by using the EuroQoL, which will estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gain. Finally, the investigators will assess the feasibility and utility of Telemonitoring to guide decisionmaking by using a waist-worn wearable (STAT-ONTM) to monitor real-life motor autonomy and the risk of falls, including freezing of gait for 5 consecutive days every month during the 12-month duration of the study. If successful, this low-cost integrated management of patients with atypical parkinsonism may be extended to people with the more prevalent Parkinson's disease as well as other neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's dementia)

Inclusion criteria

• Clinical diagnosis of MSA or PSP in all their possible variants (MSA-P, MSA-C; PSP-RS, PSP-P, PSP-CBS, etc.) according to internationally validated criteria.

Exclusion criteria

• Hoehn and Yahr stage = 5 in ON phase
• Clinical Frialty Scale (CFS) ≥ 8
• Serious medical disorders that, in the opinion of the recruiting neurologist, may impair participation in the study