Insulin Resistance and Intramyocellular Lipid Content in Glucose Intolerant Subjects Receiving Rosiglitazone

This protocol is a crossover study that will include subjects with an abnormal glucose tolerance test. Participants will be treated in a community-based practice setting and will receive detailed instruction on diet and glucose self-monitoring. The patients will be randomly assigned to treatment with 4 mg daily of Rosiglitazone or placebo. They will return to the clinic after 4 weeks to monitor changes in glucose levels, HbA1c and liver enzymes. The drug dose will be increased as indicated to 8 mg daily and the patients will be reevaluated every 4 weeks. The participants will all be admitted to the General Clinical Research Center at UT-Southwestern Medical Center at the end of 16 weeks to measure changes in the following primary endpoints: 1) insulin sensitivity, 2) lipid content of heart, liver, and skeletal muscle, 3) lipid oxidation. Additional noninvasive HMRS measurements will be made to quantify the muscle lipid content and respiratory gas exchange will be used to assess lipid oxidation. Following the GCRC admission, patients will switch to the alternative therapy for 16 additional weeks before the studies are repeated. We expect Rosiglitazone to improve insulin sensitivity in association with reduced muscle lipid content that may arise either from increased lipid oxidation or enhanced storage of fat in adipose tissue.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 30-65
• Fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dL or plasma glucose > 140 mg/dL and <200 mg/dL two hours after a challenge with 75 gm of glucose

Exclusion criteria

• Taking drugs known or suspected to affect intermediary metabolism (e.g. thyroid supplements, oral glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids or androgens, antidepressants, anorexic drugs, xanthine derivatives, sympathomimetics, beta-agonists)
• Taking any other investigational drugs within 30 days of starting the study
• Alcohol consumption more than 7 drinks per week
• Recreational drugs or IV drug abuse
• Acute or chronic liver diseases (SGOT >42 U/L, SGPT >48 U/L, GGT >45 U/L)
• Chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL)
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure >160/95mmHg)
• Anemia (hematocrit <35%)
• Congestive heart failure
• Metallic prostheses precluding the use of magnetic resonance imaging
• Premenopausal women without definitive measures to prevent pregnancy