Insulin in Total Parenteral Nutrition

Basal glucose value before starting TPN (in mg/dL).

All blood glucose values (in mg/dL) every 6 hours during 15 days of TPN infusion.

Variation of average glucose (in mg/dL) compared with total dose of insulin (in mL), in days 1, 5 and 15 of treatment.

Number of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia with blood glucose below 70 mg/dL during TPN treatment up to 15 days.

Number of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia with blood glucose below 40 mg/dL during TPN treatment up to 15 days.

If the patient refers typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, a measure of blood glucose (in mg/mL) is immediately taken to check the level

If blood glucose <70 mg / dL, it is recorded whether or not the patient has symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia and how the episode terminates

Standard deviation of blood glucose (SD): Expressed in milligrams per deciliter (in mg/dL).

Coefficient of variation (CV): Expressed as a percentage (%). The ratio of the standard deviation of the blood glucoses values (in mg/dL) and the average blood glucose (in mg/dL), multiplied by 100.

Investigator asses the occurrence of infectious complications in parenteral nutrition catheter. For the evaluation of the infections, temperature is collected daily and patient will perform a blood test weekly. It will be suspected infectious complication for any sudden onset of fever (usually "peaks"), with no other apparent source of infection.

A determination above this value will be considered a complication: Hypertriglyceridemia ≥500 mg/dL

A determination above this value will be considered a complication: Hypernatremia >150 mEq/L

A determination below this value will be considered a complication: Hyponatremia <135 mEq/L

A determination below this value will be considered a complication: Hypokalemia <3 mEq/L

A determination below this value will be considered a complication: Hypomagnesemia <1.2 mg/dL

A determination below this value will be considered a complication: Hypophosphatemia <2 mg/dL

A determination above this value will be considered a complication: Hyperchloremia >120 mEq/L

A determination below this value will be considered a complication: Hypocalcemia corrected calcium <8 mg/dL

Alteration of liver function markers is defined as an elevation twice higher than normal limits, according to each laboratory, of two of some of the following parameters (when previously normal): GGT, GOT, GPT, FA or total bilirubin, at least 7 days after initiating TPN.

All adverse events (AEs) are recorded in the case report data since the moment when the patient signs the informed consent. These events will be defined following the organ classification database of MedDRA system.