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Completed

NCT Number: NCT03793894

Inpatient Smokers and LDCT Screening Part 2

Lung cancer suffers from large racial and socioeconomic disparities. Yet those at the highest risk of lung cancer death - current smokers, blacks, and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) and negative social determinants of health (SDH) - are less likely to receive preventive health services, including the two most effective interventions to reduce lung cancer mortality: tobacco dependence treatment and lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). At Boston Medical Center (BMC) these preventive services are grossly underutilized, in part due to barriers our patients face in accessing these outpatient programs. Innovative approaches are needed to guide high-risk smokers to post-discharge early lung cancer detection services.

The overarching goal of this study is to reduce disparities in lung cancer morbidity and mortality by using hospitalization at an urban safety net hospital as an opportunity to connect high-risk smokers to both LDCT lung cancer screening and tobacco dependence treatment.

In addition to inpatient shared decision making [SDM] by an NP using a decision aid, screen-eligible smokers will also be connected with a community health worker (CHW) to facilitate access to outpatient smoking cessation counseling and LCS (CHW navigation).

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Key information

Conditions

Lung Cancer Screening Behavior Health Behavior Smoking Cessation

Age range

55 year–80 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, United States

About this study

This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) among 128 hospitalized smokers at BMC (64 participants in each of two arms), to assess the effect of inpatient SDM + CHW Navigation (AHRQ LDCT screening decision aid + CHW + SDM discussion + smoking cessation counseling) compared to Enhanced Usual Care (smoking cessation counseling + decision aid) on LDCT screening completion at 3 months, patient knowledge, and smoking cessation at 6 months.

The research will meet two specific aims (SA1 and SA2).

SA1: To address barriers to engaging smokers in prevention and early detection of lung cancer, a pilot RCT (Pilot Study 2) will be conducted in which screen-eligible hospitalized smokers will be randomized to receive inpatient sdm + CHW navigation (inpatient SDM during smoking cessation counseling visits + CHW navigation to coordinate outpatient tobacco treatment, referral to LCS, and resources to address negative social determinant of health that present barriers to these preventive services) or Enhanced usual care (furnishing of LDCT screening decision aid during inpatient smoking cessation counseling visits). Compared to Enhanced Usual Care, it is hypothesized that inpatient sdm + CHW navigation will increase the number of patients completing LCS (1° outcome) and LCS knowledge, and biochemically validated smoking cessation at 6 months (2° outcome).

SA2: To collect stakeholder input to inform future implementation, Fifteen primary care providers (PCPs) will be interviewed to assess their impressions of the intervention, integration into workflow, and barriers to adoption. Fifteen smokers who received the intervention will be interviewed to learn their impressions of its utility and suggestions for improvement.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Hospitalized smoker at BMC
  • Meeting LDCT screening eligibility criteria: (age 55-80 years; ≥30-pack years smoking)
  • Current smoker (> 1 cigarette per day)
  • Able to speak, read, and understand English
  • Able and willing to comply with all study protocols and procedures
  • Having a PCP in the BMC network or one of the affiliated health centers

Exclusion criteria

  • Inability to tolerate surgical resection of a lung cancer, as defined by home oxygen therapy (an indicator of severe lung cancer or heart disease)
  • Active cancer (receiving treatment/new diagnosis) in prior 3 months or advanced stage cancer
  • Signs and symptoms of lung cancer or prior diagnosis of lung cancer
  • Already had chest CT (LDCT screening or other chest CT) in the past year
  • Pregnant

Treatment and study plan

Smoking Cessation Counseling

Behavioral

All participants will receive inpatient smoking cessation counseling by the tobacco-trained NP. Inpatient smoking cessation counseling is the standard of care at BMC.

Decision aid

Behavioral

The AHRQ "Is Lung Cancer Screening Right for me?" patient decision aid is a 4-page paper format with the following features: 1) LDCT screening harms and benefits information, written in plain language and using pictographs, easily understood by those with low health literacy; 2) prompts to clarify patient values and preferences and to stimulate discussion about tradeoffs; 3) clear quit smoking messaging and resources (1-800-QUIT-NOW)

Shared decision making (SDM)

Behavioral

During the smoking cessation consultation, the nurse practitioner (NP) will conduct SDM, using the 4-page AHRQ "Is Lung Cancer Screening Right for me?" decision aid as a guide. The purpose of SDM is three-fold: 1) conduct a tailored discussion on tradeoffs of LDCT screening, consistent with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) requirements for SDM using a decision aid; 2) directly connect interested patients to LDCT screening; 3) to empower and motivate patients to quit smoking within the LDCT screening context.

CHW Navigation

Behavioral

The CHW will meet with the participant after the SDM to initiate the coordination of outpatient tobacco treatment, referral to LCS, and resources to address the barriers to preventive services. The CHW will follow patients subjects in the intervention arm for 3 months to help navigate and address negative social determinants of health that are barriers to LCS and tobacco treatment. For patients who agree to screening, the CHW will schedule the appointment, arrange the transportation to appointment, and meet participant at the appointment to facilitate the screening.

Primary outcomes

  1. LDCT screening within 3 months post randomization

    Time frame: 3 months

    Data will be collected from the electronic health record (EHR) and the BMC lung cancer screening (LDCT) database.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Knowledge of LDCT screening

    Time frame: baseline, 24 hours post enrollment

    Knowledge about LDCT screening will be measured with a 23-item instrument developed by Lau and colleagues and modified for a low health literacy population by Crothers. The instrument includes true/false and multiple choice questions that will be used to determine a total score representing knowledge of LDCT screening.

  2. Self-report smoking cessation

    Time frame: 6 months

    Participants will be asked during telephone interview if they are smoking.

  3. Biochemical validated smoking cessation

    Time frame: 6 months

    Participants who self-report quitting will be invited to complete the CO test for biochemical verification. This dichotomous outcome will be defined by biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6 months. At study end, participants will be identified as smokers who 1) self-report abstinence, but are identified as smokers via biochemical validation (CO level >10 ppm), or 2) self-report abstinence, but refuse biochemical verification.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Boston University

Other

Collaborators

  • American Lung Association

Registry information

Official study title

Engaging Low SES Inpatient Smokers in LDCT Lung Cancer Screening: Enhanced Interventions That Include CHWs to Address SDH Barriers

Important dates

Study start
2019
Primary completion
2020
Study completion
2020
First posted
Jan 4, 2019
Registry last updated
Jul 7, 2020

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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