iNO300 Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Pneumonia

Continuous recording of MetHb and peaks of MetHb will be determined.

Continuous measurement of nitrogen dioxide concentration in the inspiratory limb of breathing circuit

Referral, recruitment, retention, compliance and follow-up completion rates of the study

Clinical cure is assessed at test of cure (4 -11 days post end of treatment) and defined as resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia compared with baseline, including a reduction in SOFA and CPIS scores, improvement or lack of progression in chest imaging, and no requirement for additional antibacterial treatment.

Clinical improvement is assessed at end of treatment and defined as improvement in 2 or more clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia compared with baseline, improvement or lack of progression of chest x-ray abnormalities, and no requirement for additional antibacterial treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia include new onset or worsening cough, purulent sputum or increased suction requirements, auscultation findings of pneumonia, dyspnea, tachypnea, or respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, hypoxemia, worsening gas exchange.

Absence of the baseline pathogen from tracheal aspiration or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid will be confirmed. If it is not possible to obtain an appropriate clinical specimen for culture and the patient has a successful clinical outcome, the response was presumed to be eradication.

All cause mortality from enrollment to Day 28

All cause mortality from enrollment to Day 60

Successful liberation from mechanical ventilation should last more than 48 h without re-intubation in patients who have survived 28 days after randomization (extubation was counted from the last successful attempt in patients who have survived 28 days since randomization) and for patients ventilated for 28 days or more or who died before 28 days (irrespective of intubation status), the number of ventilator-free days was recorded at zero.

Organ support includes mechanical ventilation, vasopressors and renal replacement therapy.

Positive blood culture with a pathogenic bacterium

Days free from antibiotics during hospitalization

Multidrug-resistant infection is defined as pathogen acquiring non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antibiotic categories

Days from enrollment to the end of hospitalization

ICU length of stay

The test includes C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10).

Relapse is assessed for patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia at 28-day follow-up after test of cure and defined as recurrence or new appearance of at least two of the three symptoms and signs (fever greater than 38 °C, leukocytosis or leukopenia, and purulent tracheobronchial secretions), along with a new or persistent infiltrate on chest radiography in a patient assessed as clinical cure at TOC.