Influences of Long Term Hormone Therapy on Physical Fitness and Vascular Function in Transgender Women

Heart rate will be measured with automated blood pressure device (CARESCAPE V100, GE Dinamap).

Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure will be measured with automated blood pressure device (CARESCAPE V100, GE Dinamap). Mean arterial blood pressure was calculated from systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure via mean arterial pressure formula.

Body weight and height will be measured with automated body composition machine (ioi 353, Jawon medical).

Height will be measured with automated body composition machine (ioi 353, Jawon medical).

Energy expenditure will be measured by canopy study protocol with stationary gas analyzer (VMAX, Encore 29 system).

Intima-Media Thickness will be measured with ultrasonography equipment on carotid artery (EPIQ 5G, Phillips).

Macro vascular function will be measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation protocol on brachial artery with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips).

Arterial stiffness will be measured with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (VP-1000 plus, omrom Healthcare).

Micro vascular function will be measured by post-occlusive hyperemia protocol of fingertip cutaneous blood flow with laser doppler flowmetry device (PeriFlux system 5000, Perimed).

Muscle mass will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcaare).

Fat mass will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcaare).

Bone mineral content will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcaare).

Bone mineral density will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcaare).

T-score will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcaare). T-score was separated into 3 categories, 1 or higher of T-score that is the healthy bone, -1 to -2.5 of T-score that is osteopenia, and -2.5 or lower that is osteoporosis.

Maximal oxygen consumption will be measured by Bruce protocol for treadmill test with stationary gas analyzer (VMAX, Encore 29 system).

Muscle strength and muscle endurance will be measured by concentric/concentric protocol with isokinetic machine (Biodex Multi-Joint System-Pro, Biodex).

Sit and reach test will be measured by sit and reach protocol with sit and reach box (Grandsport).

Agility will be measured by T-test protocol with timing gate device (SpeedLight Timing System, Swiftperformance).

Balance will be measured by balance error scoring system (BESS) protocol with postural sway detected machine (Biosway, Biodex).

Coordination and reaction time will be measured by eye-hand coordination protocol with light reacted device (FITLIGHT Trainer).

Muscular power will be measured by vertical jump with force plate detected machine (Ballistic Measurement System & FT 700 Power Cage, Fitness Technology).

Speed will be measured by sprint test for 40 meters with timing gate device (SpeedLight Timing System, Swiftperformance).

Anaerobic fitness will be measured by Wingate test protocol with ergocycle (Monark 894e).

Quality of life will level will be measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief - Thai questionnaire. The scores of questionnaire were 130 points for maximum value and 26 points for minimum value. 3 levels in quality of life were less than 61 points for below normal range, 61-95 points for normal range, and more than 95 points for above normal range.

Stress level will be measured by Suanprung Stress Test-20 questionnaire. The scores of questionnaire were 100 points for maximum value and 20 points for minimum value. 4 levels in stress less than 24 points for low stress range, 24-41 points for normal stress range, 42-61 points for high stress range, and more than 61 points for severe stress range.