Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT05936398

Influence of Respiratory Muscle Training on Objective and Subjective Training Load Measures in Triathletes

Two groups of healthy, highly trained triathletes trained respiratory muscles with one of the two methods: voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea (VIH) or inspiratory pressure threshold loading (IPTL). The main purpose of this study was to accurately and thoroughly assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods.

Informed written consent was obtained from the all study participants. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Athletic Performance

Age range

18 year–40 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Institute of Sport - National Research Institute

Warsaw, 01-982, Poland

About this study

The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups. Whereas participants and data collectors were aware of the allocated training method, the data analysts and laboratory technicians performing biochemistry assays were kept blinded to the allocation. The participants were assigned at random to either VIH or IPTL training group to perform RMT with progressive overload for 6 weeks.

Three training sessions (week 1, 4, 6) were monitor to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods.

Blood samples used for acid-base balance (pH), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), partial pressure for carbon dioxide (pCO2), partial pressure for bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and blood lactate (bLa) were collected immediately after cessation of the exercise and MPQ was presented 1' after cessation of the exercise. Blood samples for cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) were collected 5' after cessation of the exercise. The second S-Index Test was performed between minute 5 and minute 7 after cessation of the exercise. RPE was assessed 10' after cessation of the exercise. The participants again answered MPQ after 24h and 48h after the monitored RMT sessions.

Informed written consent was obtained from the all study participants. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • valid medical certificate to compete sports professionally,
  • lack of ongoing medication intake,
  • lack of any medical condition,
  • lack of previous experience with RMT,
  • lack of previous experience with RMT,
  • performance caliber corresponding to at HighlyTrained/Elite (Participant Classification Framework, McKay 2022),
  • at least 6 years of triathlon training,
  • average training volume over 12 hours per week during last 6 weeks.

Exclusion criteria

  • any ongoing medication intake or medical condition.

Treatment and study plan

Respiratory Muscle Training - VIH

Behavioral

The VIH group will train every second day with gradual progression based on session length and breathing frequency. Participants will begin with 3 minutes of exercise with a frequency of 20 breaths·min-1 during the first session and add no more than 1 minute or 2 breaths·min-1 with each consecutive session.

Respiratory Muscle Training - ITPL

Behavioral

The IPTL group will train 5 days a week, twice a day, with at least 6 hours break between sessions. The session will consist of 30 dynamic inspiratory maneuvers with progressive overload based on gradually increased resistance. The VIH group will train every second day with gradual progression based on session length and breathing frequency. Participants will begin with 3 minutes of exercise with a frequency of 20 breaths·min-1 during the first session and add no more than 1 minute or 2 breaths·min-1 with each consecutive session.

Primary outcomes

  1. Changes in measured blood indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (pH)

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in pre- and post- RMT session in pH.

  2. Changes in measured blood indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (pO2).

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in pre- and post- RMT session in pO2.

  3. Changes in measured blood indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (pCO2).

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in pre- and post- RMT session in pCO2.

  4. Changes in measured blood indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (CHO3).

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in pre- and post- RMT session in CHO3. CHO3.

  5. Changes in measured blood indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (lactate).

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in pre- and post- RMT session in blood lactate levels.

  6. Changes in measured blood indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (testosterone).

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in pre- and post- RMT session in testosterone.

  7. Changes in measured blood indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (cortisol).

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in pre- and post- RMT session in cortisol.

  8. Changes in cardiac indices to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods.

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Differences in HR indices between methods, increase of HR and decrease of HR after the cessation on the exercise.

  9. Collecting subjective measures to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (RPE)

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Collecting perceived exertion numbers (Rate of Perceived Exertion - RPE)

  10. Collecting subjective measures to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods (MPQ).

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Collecting McGill Pain Questionnaire immediately post-session (MPQ scale).

  11. Collecting local blood oxygenation during RMT to assess the potential extra load that RMT puts on athletes and determine if there are significant differences in RMT-induced load between the investigated training methods.

    Time frame: Week 1, 4 and 6 after monitored RMT sessions.

    Measuring SMO2 before, during and after RMT sessions to assess induced changes.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Poland

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2023
Study completion
2023
First posted
Jul 7, 2023
Registry last updated
Jul 7, 2023

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.