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NCT Number: NCT05828823

Incremental Hemodialysis: The TwoPlus Trial

This study is to prospectively compare clinical effectiveness between clinically- matched incremental hemodialysis and conventional hemodialysis in patients with incident kidney dysfunction requiring dialysis and residual kidney function.

The study will enroll 350 patients on chronic hemodialysis and 140 caregivers of enrolled patients. Patients will be randomized in 1:1 ratio to either incremental start hemodialysis or conventional hemodialysis. Caregivers will be followed along with patients for an average period of 2 years post randomization.

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Key information

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States

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About this study

This study will analyze the effects of differentiated care with individualized hemodialysis on patient health related quality of life, fatigue, employment, and caregiver burden in patients with Kidney dysfunction requiring dialysis (KDRD) and appreciable kidney function.

This study will compare the outcomes in survival, hospitalization, preservation of the kidney function and quality of life between hemodialysis tailored to each patient needs (incremental) and conventional hemodialysis.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Patient eligibility Criteria:

Inclusion criteria

  • Clinical Inclusion Criteria:
  • Age ≥ 18 years
  • Incident kidney dysfunction requiring dialysis (KDRD) started on maintenance, in-center hemodialysis (HD), or anticipated to be started on maintenance, in-center HD within the next 12 weeks
  • Has received ≤36 sessions of intermittent HD (i.e., on HD for ≤12 weeks) at the time patient is approached for potential study participation

Residual Kidney Function Inclusion Criteria:

  • Kidney urea clearance <2.0 mL/min
  • Urine volume# of ≥500 mL/24 h

Exclusion criteria

  • Pre-HD serum K ≥5.8 mEq/L, Na ≤125 mEq/L, or bicarbonate level ≤17 mEq/L
  • Requirement or anticipated requirement of high-volume ultrafiltration
  • Unable or unwilling to follow the study protocol for any reason
  • Known pregnancy or planning to attempt to become pregnant or lactating women
  • Estimated survival or dialysis modality change or center transfer <6 months

Caregiver Eligibility Criteria:

  • be at least 18 years old
  • be the main caregiver (at patient's choice)
  • be a close relative of the patient (spouse, child, sibling, parent, grandchild)
  • have no known psychiatric and neurologic disorders (through direct inquiry from the person)
  • not be a member of the medical or healthcare team
  • not be the caregiver for another patient with chronic illness
  • not have experienced severe life events within prior 3 months of enrollment (through direct inquiry from the person)

Treatment and study plan

Hemodialysis twice weekly

Device

Frequency and duration of hemodialysis is tailored to the patient. Adjuvant pharmacotherapy is prescribed to maintain volume, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis ( e.g., diuretics, sodium bicarbonate and potassium binding patiromer)

Hemodialysis thrice weekly

Other

Conventional hemodialysis regimen

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Clinical events of safety

    Time frame: year 2

    composite of all-cause Emergency Department visits, hospitalizations, or death

Secondary outcomes

  1. EuroQOL-5D-5L scores Health-related quality of life Health-related quality of life and residual kidney function

    Time frame: year 2

    Compare the effects of CMIHD and CHD - The descriptive system covers 5 dimensions of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression) with 5 levels of severity in each dimension (no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and unable to perform or extreme problems - Values are anchored at 1 (full health) and 0 (a state as bad as being dead) as required by their use in economic evaluation. Values less than 0 represent health states regarded as worse than a state that is as bad as being dead.

  2. Trail Making Test B scores Health-related quality of life Health-related quality of life and residual kidney function

    Time frame: Baseline and months 6, 12, 18, & 24

    Patient participants' cognitive function will be assessed using change in Trail Making Test B score - The Trail Making Test measures your visual attention, mental flexibility, processing speed, and motor speed based on how quickly and accurately you connect dots in ascending order (either numerically or with alternating numbers and letters). The test can be used to diagnose dementia and other cognitive disorders - Higher scores indicate a higher degree of cognitive impairment

  3. Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology (SONG) scores Health-related quality of life Health-related quality of life and residual kidney function

    Time frame: Baseline and months 6, 12, 18, & 24

    SONG-HD Fatigue score - The SONG-HD Fatigue measure consists of three items that assess (1) the effect of fatigue on life participation, (2) tiredness, and (3) level of energy. These dimensions are assessed on a four-point Likert scale indicating increasing severity, ranging from zero (not at all) to three (severely). Higher scores meaning higher severity

  4. Time to recover from hemodialysis (HD) Health-related quality of life Health-related quality of life and residual kidney function

    Time frame: Baseline and monthly up to 2 years

    Patient-reported functional status and fatigue will be assessed using Time to recover from HD

  5. Caregiver burden Zarit Caregiver Burden Scores Health-related quality of life Health-related quality of life and residual kidney function

    Time frame: Baseline, months 6, 12, 18, & 24

    Caregiver burden will be assessed using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale - The ZBI consists of 22 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale that ranges from 0 (never) to 4 (nearly always) with the sum of scores ranging between 0-88. 9. Higher scores indicate greater burden. A score of 17 or more was considered high burden.

  6. Change in urine output

    Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9, Month 12, Month 15, Month 18, Month 21, and Year 2

    Urine collections will be analyzed at the lab used by the dialysis center

  7. Change in kidney urea clearance (mL/min/1.73 m2)

    Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9, Month 12, Month 15, Month 18, Month 21, and Year 2

    Urine collections will be analyzed at the lab used by the dialysis center

  8. Change in kidney creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73 m2)

    Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6, Month 9, Month 12, Month 15, Month 18, Month 21, and Year 2

    Urine collections will be analyzed at the lab used by the dialysis center

  9. Hospital free days per 100 patient-days

    Time frame: year 2

    The duration of hospital-free days will be determined for each patient and calculated in the whole cohort per 100 patient-days. It is anticipated an array of hospitalization events for each participant, ranging from no hospitalization to frequent hospitalizations per study period. All periods of hospitalization, per each participant, will be analyzed. A period of hospitalization will be computed from date of hospital admission to the date of discharge. Hospital-free days may include one or more discrete time segments of non-hospitalization between periods hospitalization. The total hospital-free days per patient participant will be calculated as total study days - hospitalization days. Hospital-free days will be normalized per 100 patient-days.

  10. Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale

    Time frame: Assessed at baseline and monthly up to 2 years

    Patients will rate the degree of interference caused by HD treatments on the following domains: health, diet, work, active and passive recreation, financial situation, relationship with spouse, sex life, family and other social relations, self-expression/self- improvement, religious expression, and community/civic involvement. Individual item ratings and the sum across ratings will be recorded. The total scale has a range of 13 (minimum intrusiveness) to 91 (extreme intrusiveness).

  11. Employment status

    Time frame: Baseline and months 6, 12, 18 and 24

    The employment status for patients and caregivers will be assessed through surveys.

Other outcomes

  1. Characterize implementation processes using mixed methods - Intervention characteristics

    Time frame: 2 years

    Process evaluation will include a) Intervention characteristics, to assess organizational readiness to change, intervention acceptability and appropriateness; b) Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations; c) External factors that mediate implementation; d) Adoption; e) Reach; f) Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule; and g) Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

  2. Characterize implementation processes using mixed methods - Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations

    Time frame: 2 years

    Process evaluation will include a) Intervention characteristics, to assess organizational readiness to change, intervention acceptability and appropriateness; b) Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations; c) External factors that mediate implementation; d) Adoption; e) Reach; f) Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule; and g) Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

  3. Characterize implementation processes using mixed methods - External factors that mediate implementation

    Time frame: 2 years

    Process evaluation will include a) Intervention characteristics, to assess organizational readiness to change, intervention acceptability and appropriateness; b) Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations; c) External factors that mediate implementation; d) Adoption; e) Reach; f) Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule; and g) Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

  4. Characterize implementation processes using mixed methods - Adoption

    Time frame: 2 years

    Process evaluation will include a) Intervention characteristics, to assess organizational readiness to change, intervention acceptability and appropriateness; b) Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations; c) External factors that mediate implementation; d) Adoption; e) Reach; f) Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule; and g) Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

  5. Characterize implementation processes using mixed methods - Reach

    Time frame: 2 years

    Process evaluation will include a) Intervention characteristics, to assess organizational readiness to change, intervention acceptability and appropriateness; b) Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations; c) External factors that mediate implementation; d) Adoption; e) Reach; f) Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule; and g) Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

  6. Characterize implementation processes using mixed methods - Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule

    Time frame: 2 years

    Process evaluation will include a) Intervention characteristics, to assess organizational readiness to change, intervention acceptability and appropriateness; b) Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations; c) External factors that mediate implementation; d) Adoption; e) Reach; f) Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule; and g) Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

  7. Characterize implementation processes using mixed methods - Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

    Time frame: 2 years

    Process evaluation will include a) Intervention characteristics, to assess organizational readiness to change, intervention acceptability and appropriateness; b) Inner setting characteristics, to assess barriers and facilitators to the adoption of HD intervention at the partnering organizations; c) External factors that mediate implementation; d) Adoption; e) Reach; f) Fidelity, to assess adherence to serial timed urine collection and HD treatment schedule; and g) Sustainability, to assess barriers and facilitators to maintaining intervention

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Ben Bagwell

CONTACT

[email protected]

Brenda Burciu

CONTACT

[email protected]

336-716-8671

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Other

Collaborators

  • Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

Registry information

Official study title

Comparative Effectiveness of an Individualized Model of Hemodialysis Versus Conventional Hemodialysis

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2030
Study completion
2031
First posted
Apr 25, 2023
Registry last updated
May 22, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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