Incidence and Clinical Burden of Erythropoietin Hyporesponsiveness - a Retrospective Database Analysis

This is a retrospective database analysis of patients with anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) treated with ESAs from January 1st 2015 - December 31st 2021. Data will be derived from European Clinical Database (EuCliD).

Inclusion criteria

All patients

• Patient has a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease valid between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2021 and is documented in the EuCliD database (incident and prevalent patients)
• Patient who is treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) (CKD Stage 5) during the study period
• Patient receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy, within the data collection period having EuCliD data available for a period of the previous 30 days before Index Date but not strictly limited to patients that enter the study period as ESA naïve patients
• Patient having provided consent for secondary use of their data for research purposes
• Patient has a known ESA administration route (intravenous/subcutaneous)
• Patient with a hemoglobin value available at baseline (+/- 20 days allowed) and at least one valid hemoglobin value afterwards
• Patient having at least one body weight value available

Hyporesponsive Cohort

• Patients meeting the hyporesponsive criteria on at least one occasion. The criteria for ESA hyporesponsive will follow the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, UK (NICE) guidelines:

• for epoetin alfa, 300 IU/kg/week or more of subcutaneous epoetin or 450 IU/kg/week or more of intravenous epoetin
• for darbepoetin, dose ≥ 1.5 μg/kg per week

Responsive Cohort

• Patients with all ESA doses lower than those defined by the hyporesponsive criteria

Exclusion criteria

• Patient with evidence of hereditary hemolytic anemia (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision [ICD-10] code D58.9)
• Patient receiving transplant within 6 months prior to Index Date