Beijing Ctiy
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
Location status: Recruiting
Recruiting
NCT Number: NCT07651280
Improving the Reliability of LLMs as Medical Assistants for the General Public
This study will evaluate whether three-minute six-dimensions education(3M-6D education) can improve the reliability of large language models as medical assistants for the general public. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive or not receive 3M-6D education and then use ChatGPT, Gemini, or non-AI information resources. The study will assess relevant condition identification, disposition concordance, red-flag identification, and NASA-TLX score.
Recruiting
Interested in participating?
Request InfoKey information
Conditions
Age range
18 year and older
Sex eligibility
All sexes
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Not applicable
Primary location
About this study
This randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept simulation trial will evaluate whether three-minute six-dimensions education (3M-6D education) can improve the reliability of large language models as medical assistants for the general public.
Eligible participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio to one of five study groups: the 3M-6D education GPT group, the GPT group, the 3M-6D education Gemini group, the Gemini group, or the control group. Participants in the 3M-6D education GPT and 3M-6D education Gemini groups will receive approximately three minutes of education before using ChatGPT or Gemini.Each participant will be randomly assigned one of 10 standardized clinical scenarios and complete a simulated counseling task in unrestricted natural language within approximately 10 minutes. The study will assess relevant condition identification, disposition concordance, red-flag identification, and NASA-TLX score.
Who can participate
Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes
Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.
Inclusion criteria
- Age 18 years or greater, male or female;
- Completed primary school or higher education;
- Able to use a smartphone or computer to complete online interaction;
- No history of acute ischemic stroke, systemic lupus erythematosus, gastric ulcer, pneumonia, acute cardiac infarction, urinary tract infection, uterine fibroids, diabetes, osteoarthritis, or migraine.
- Able to understand and comply with study procedures and to provide written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
- Currently or previously employed as a healthcare worker;
- Previously received systematic medical training;
- Currently involved in concurrent research that may interfere with the results of the present trial;
- The investigator considered that the participant had other conditions that might affect compliance or preclude participation.
Treatment and study plan
three minutes six dimensions education
Behavioral3M-6D education is designed based on Cognitive Load Theory to reduce the cognitive burden on patients during medical interactions with AI and to improve the clarity and completeness of symptom reporting.
Guided by cognitive load theory and the natural process physicians use to take medical histories, the investigators identified candidate information dimensions and developed a structured expression framework with six dimensions for public health queries through a Delphi expert consensus process. Participants were instructed to use the framework to describe their symptoms across these six dimensions; this process can typically be completed within three minutes, so the investigators call this approach three minutes six dimensions education (3M-6D education).
ChatGPT
OtherParticipants use ChatGPT to complete a standardized simulated clinical scenarios in unrestricted natural language.
Gemini
OtherParticipants use Gemini to complete a standardized simulated clinical scenarios in unrestricted natural language.
Primary outcomes
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Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Relevant conditions identification is defined as the proportion of participants whose final response includes the expert-defined final diagnosis or a relevant differential diagnosis.
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Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Disposition concordance is defined as the proportion of participants whose final care recommendation matches the expert-defined level. The five levels are self-care, routine outpatient care, urgent outpatient care, emergency department visit, and emergency medical services.
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Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Secondary outcomes
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Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Red-flag identification is defined as the proportion of participants whose final response includes the key warning signs that experts defined for the assigned scenario.
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Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
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NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
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NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
-
NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
-
Relevant conditions identification of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
-
Disposition concordance of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
-
Red-flag identification in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
-
NASA Task Load Index score of the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the 3M-6D education Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
NASA-TLX score is a self-reported task-load score measured after the simulated consultation with a physician. It includes six domains: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100. The total score is the mean of the six domains. Higher scores indicate greater perceived task load.
Other outcomes
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Failure to identify red flags in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Failure to identify red flags is defined as the proportion of participants whose final response does not include the expert-defined red-flag symptoms or warning signs for the assigned standardized simulated clinical scenario.
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Failure to identify red flags in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Failure to identify red flags in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Failure to identify red flags in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Underestimation of disposition in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the GPT group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Underestimation of disposition is defined as the proportion of participants whose final care recommendation is lower than the expert-defined disposition level for the assigned standardized simulated clinical scenario.
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Underestimation of disposition in the 3M-6D education GPT group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Underestimation of disposition in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the Gemini group
Time frame: 1 hour.
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Underestimation of disposition in the 3M-6D education Gemini group compared with the control group
Time frame: 1 hour.
Study contacts
Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.
Sponsors and collaborators
Lead sponsor
Capital Medical University
Other
Collaborators
- Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing
Registry information
Official study title
Improving the Reliability of LLMs as Medical Assistants for the General Public: a Proof of Concept Simulation Trial
Acronym: LAMP-1
Important dates
- Study start
- 2026
- Primary completion
- 2026
- Study completion
- 2026
- First posted
- Jun 16, 2026
- Registry last updated
- Jul 7, 2026
OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.
View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.