Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiac Structure and Function

Recognition of the biological effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular function has been growing. The main objective of the parent trial (VITAL) is to evaluate the effects of vitamin D on cardiac events but is focused on atherothrombotic events and does not specifically address vitamin D effects on LV mass. In ambulatory individuals, LV mass is a key cardiac structural feature and increases in LV mass are frequently accompanied by diastolic dysfunction. This study leverages the existing infrastructure of the parent VITAL trial to perform cardiac imaging studies on a subset of subjects who will be randomized to vitamin D3 (n=500) or placebo (n=500). Echocardiography is a noninvasive, widely accessible tool to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Cardiac echo imaging visits will take place at baseline (pre-randomization), and then after 2 years, at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). The acronym VITAL-Echo reflects the link to the parent VITAL trial and an ancillary investigation of vitamin D versus placebo on LV mass and function as measured by echocardiography. The effect of fish oil supplementation on these parameters will be evaluated as a secondary endpoint, thereby taking advantage of the factorial design of the parent trial.

Participants in VITAL (NCT 01169259) who meet the following criteria are eligible to participate in this ancillary study:

Inclusion:

• Willingness to participate in ancillary study of VITAL to undergo cardiac echocardiography (baseline and at 3 years) and sign informed consent to participate in the ancillary study
• Live in the greater Boston area (within 60 miles of MGH)

Exclusion:

• Have a pacemaker, prosthetic valve(s), surgical wires or other devices that could alter the echocardiographic image findings.