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NCT Number: NCT07750171

Impact of Smoking on Immune Responses in Peri-implant Health and Disease

Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the gums and bone around dental implants. Peri-implant mucositis causes inflammation in the gums, while peri-implantitis can also lead to bone loss and, in severe cases, implant failure. Smoking is an important risk factor for these conditions because it may change how the immune system responds to inflammation and infection.

This study will compare smokers and non-smokers with healthy dental implants, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis. Fluid samples will be collected from around the implants to measure proteins involved in inflammation, healing, and immune responses. The aim is to better understand how smoking affects the body's response to peri-implant diseases and to identify biological markers that may help assess disease risk and severity in the future.

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Key information

Conditions

Peri-Implant Health Behavior Mouth Diseases Peri Implant Mucositis Peri-Implantitis Periodontal Diseases Smoking Stomatognathic Diseases

Age range

21 year–75 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Gazi University

Ankara, 06510, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location status: Recruiting

Location contact

Buse Naz Büyükakçalı

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905448024169

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

willingness to participate in the study;
having at least one dental implant that has been in function for at least one year;
having an implant diagnosed with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or initial peri-implantitis according to the study definitions; for the initial peri-implantitis group, having an implant with PD of 6-7 mm.

Exclusion criteria

having received periodontal therapy, oral decontamination treatment, antibiotics, or steroids within the last six months before study initiation;
being pregnant or breastfeeding;
having rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, or poorly controlled systemic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension;
having a history of radiation therapy or cancer therapy.

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

Peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of Th1/Th2-, M1/M2-, and B-cell-related immune markers

Time frame: At a single study visit

Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples will be analyzed to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, BAFF, and APRIL. These marker levels will be compared among smokers and non-smokers with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Aysen Bodur, Professor

CONTACT

[email protected]

Buse Naz Büyükakçalı, DDS

CONTACT

[email protected]

+905448024169

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Gazi University

Other

Collaborators

University of Turku

Registry information

Official study title

Impact of Smoking on Th1/Th2-M1/M2 Cytokine Balance and B-Cell Immune Responses in Peri-Implant Health and Disease

Important dates

Study start: 2026
Primary completion: 2026
Study completion: 2026
First posted: Aug 6, 2026
Registry last updated: Aug 6, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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