Impact of Scapula Position on Functionality and Balance in People With Chronic Low Back Pain

Primary outcomes

1. Pressure Pain Threshold Algometer

   Time frame: 1 day

   The pressure algometer is a tool used to assess the pain threshold. The algometer used in this study is connected to a dial measuring the pressure in kilograms and pounds, and consists of a metal piston with a diameter of 1 centimeter at the tip, the smallest gap of which is 100 gr and 10 kg/cm².

2. Examining the Scapular Position

   Time frame: 1 day

   The lateral scapular glide test was used to evaluate the scapula position. In the first position, the arms were relaxed at the sides, the shoulder was in the neutral position, in the second position the patient's hands were positioned around the waist and the humerus was brought to medial rotation and abduction of 45 degrees, and in the third position, the humerus was placed in maximal medial rotation and 90-degree abduction.

3. Evaluation of Balance

   Time frame: 1 day

   The static and dynamic postural stability of all individuals included in the study were evaluated with the Biodex Balance System (BDS).

   For dynamic stability measurement, a total of 3 tests were conducted, with the platform in dynamic position, with each period lasting 20 seconds, giving the participant a rest period of 10 seconds in between. Afterwards, the average of these 3 tests was obtained automatically by the device. In the results obtained, it is possible to interpret that as the score approaches 0, the balance is maintained, and as it moves away from 0, the balance is deteriorated.

4. Proprioception Evaluation

   Time frame: 1 day

   An inclinometer is an instrument that records angular movements with respect to gravity. The inclinometer has many advantages such as precise measurement, digital display, and ease of use.

   In our study, inclinometer was used in the evaluation of proprioception. Measurements will be recorded in degrees.

5. Evaluation of Functionality

   Time frame: 1 day

   The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (OBAEA) was used to examine functionality in patients with chronic low back pain. This survey consists of 10 questions in total. Each question has 6 options and ranges from 0 to 5. Participants are asked to mark the option that best fits their individual situation. While 50 is the highest score, it is evaluated as mild functional disability between 1 and 10 points, moderate functional disability between 11 and 30 points, and severe functional disability between 31 and 50 points.

6. Waist Awareness Assessment

   Time frame: 1 day

   Fremantle Waist Awareness Questionnaire was used to evaluate low back awareness in the study. The Fremantle Waist Awareness Questionnaire is the only one that assesses body awareness about the waist. It consists of 9 questions in total and each question has a score ranging from 0-4. In total, the lowest 0 and the highest 36 points can be obtained. High scores indicate low back awareness.