Impact of Predialytic Oral Protein on Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in HD Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent chronic condition and the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is expected to increase over the next few decades. In patients with CKD, especially in those with ESRD and undergoing maintenance dialysis therapy (MDT), a state of metabolic and nutritional derangements, more aptly called protein-energy wasting (PEW), caused by a combination of insufficient intake, uremic toxins, inflammation, and superimposed catabolism, plays a major role among the many risk factors that affect outcomes of CKD .

Oral nutritional supplement (ONS) is a simple and effective way to supplement energy and protein to malnourished patients on the basis of regular diet. Therefore, if the protein of regular diet in dialysis patients are not enough, they should be supplemented with (ONS) when appropriate.

Inclusion criteria

• Adult hemodialysis patients (≥18 years of age).
• Received dialysis for at least 6 months prior to study screening.
• Receive hemodialysis at least 3 times per week .

Exclusion criteria

• Receiving nutritional supplementation prior to study commencing or within 1 month of commencement in the study .
• Participants with an allergy to any ingredients in the nutritional supplements.
• Persistent hyperkalemia or hyperphosphatemia (defined as the last 3 months).
• Significant edema and fluid overload.
• Hepatic patients