Impact of Post-Cesarean Abdomino-Pelvic Training on Diastasis Recti and Sexual Function

Background and Rationale:

Cesarean section (C-section) is a major surgical procedure that alters the integrity of the abdominal wall. Even if it avoids direct pelvic floor trauma associated with vaginal delivery, the combination of pregnancy-related mechanical stress and surgical incision often leads to Diastasis Recti Abdominis (DRA) and pelvic floor dysfunction. These conditions are frequently associated with reduced sexual function and lower quality of life in the postpartum period. While pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is well-studied, there is a lack of objective evidence regarding the impact of structured "Abdomino-Pelvic Power-Training" on tissue-level recovery and vascular perfusion. Study Objectives:

The primary objective of this prospective, randomized controlled study is to evaluate the efficacy of a 6-week structured rehabilitation program on inter-recti distance (IRD), pelvic hemodynamics, and sexual function in primiparous women following elective C-section. Methodology and Intervention:

A total of 160 participants will be recruited at their 6th-week postpartum visit at Harran University Hospital. Eligible participants will be randomized into two groups: Intervention Group: Participants will receive a 6-week structured abdomino-pelvic power-training protocol (including PFMT and core stabilization exercises). The program consists of weekly clinical visits and a prescribed home exercise regimen. Control Group: Participants will receive standard routine postpartum follow-up care without specific exercise training. Outcome Measures and Evaluation:

Assessments will be performed at baseline (6th week postpartum) and at the end of the intervention (3rd month postpartum). Morphometric Analysis: Inter-recti distance (IRD) will be measured using linear probe ultrasonography. Hemodynamic Assessment: Pelvic blood flow will be evaluated via Doppler ultrasonography, measuring Pulsatility Index (PI) and Resistance Index (RI) of the Uterine Artery and Vaginal Artery, as well as perfusion of the surgical scar tissue. Functional Assessment: Sexual function will be measured using the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Statistical Analysis:

Data will be analyzed using SPSS software. Continuous variables will be compared using Independent Samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test between groups, and Paired Samples t-test or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for within-group changes over time. Correlation between objective Doppler parameters and subjective FSFI scores will be evaluated.

Inclusion criteria

Primiparous women (first-time mothers).

Women who have undergone an elective cesarean section.

Participants who are at their 6th week postpartum at the start of the study.

Aged between 18 and 45 years.

Volunteering to participate and capable of signing the informed consent form.

-

Exclusion criteria

• Multiparous women (those with more than one delivery).

Women with a history of previous abdominal or pelvic surgery (other than the current C-section).

Presence of chronic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, or connective tissue disorders).

Any musculoskeletal or neurological condition that prevents participation in an exercise program.

History of pelvic organ prolapse or severe urinary incontinence prior to pregnancy.

Active pelvic or abdominal infection.

Participants who have already started a structured postpartum exercise program elsewhere.