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NCT Number: NCT07705087

Impact of Plyometric Training Methods on Athletic Performance and Detraining Processes in Youth Female Soccer Players

Lower extremity strength, explosive power, dynamic balance, and functional range of motion are critical determinants of athletic performance and injury prevention in soccer (football). While plyometric training is widely used to improve these qualities, the comparative effects of bodyweight plyometric training versus externally loaded plyometric training, and the maintenance of these effects during detraining periods, remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of two different plyometric training methods on athletic performance and subsequent detraining processes in young female soccer players. Participants will be randomly assigned to three groups: Bodyweight Plyometric Training Group (BW-PT), External Loading Plyometric Training Group (EL-PT, who will wear vests weighing 10% of their body weight), and Control Group (CG, who will only continue with routine soccer training). Training interventions will be conducted for 6 weeks, immediately followed by a 4-week detraining period. To comprehensively assess athletic performance, the following measurements will be taken at baseline (pre-test), immediately after the training period (post-test), and after the detraining period (maintenance test): Isokinetic muscle strength of knee extensors and flexors (peak torque and force development rate at 60°/s and 120°/s), Jumping performance (standing long jump, vertical jump height, and 15-second repeated jump test), Functional range of motion (via Functional Movement Screen - FMS), Dynamic balance (via Y-Balance Test). The primary objective is to determine which plyometric loading strategy, compared to traditional soccer training, provides superior and longer-lasting physiological and biomechanical adaptations in young female athletes.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Athletic Performance Detraining

Age range

13 year–18 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • No history of surgery due to musculoskeletal injuries within the past 6 months.
  • No use of ergogenic supplements within the past 3 months.
  • Regular participation in routine team training sessions for at least 2 months prior to the study.

Exclusion criteria

  • History of any recent injury requiring a recovery period of more than one week.
  • Use of ergogenic aids or nutritional supplements during the intervention period.
  • Missing two consecutive or four non-consecutive training sessions during the study period.
  • Participation in additional structured physical training or exercises outside of the routine team practices and the study protocol.

Treatment and study plan

Body-Weight Plyometrics

Other

A structured plyometric training program performed twice a week for six weeks. Exercises include various jumps and bounds using only the participant's body weight. Each session lasts approximately 30 minutes.

Additional Loaded Plyometric

Other

A structured plyometric training program performed twice a week for six weeks. Participants will wear a weighted vest equivalent to 10% of their body weight during the exercises. Each session lasts approximately 30 minutes.

Routine Football Training

Other

Participants in this group will continue to perform their standard, routine football training sessions. They will not receive any additional or structured plyometric training program during the intervention period.

Primary outcomes

  1. Absolute Peak Torque (APT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Concentric isokinetic absolute peak torque (APT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm)

  2. Relative Peak Torque (RPT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Concentric isokinetic relative peak torque (RPT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm/kg)

  3. Time to Peak Torque (TPT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Concentric isokinetic time to peak torque (TPT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: milliseconds)

  4. Average Peak Torque (AvPT) of Knee Extensors and Flexors

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Concentric isokinetic average peak torque (AvPT) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm)

  5. Average Rate of Force Development (AvRFD) of Knee Extensors and Flexors

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Concentric isokinetic average rate of force development (AvRFD) of the knee extensors and flexors (dominant leg) will be evaluated at 60°/s and 120°/s angular velocities using a Cybex Humac Norm dynamometer during 5 maximal repetitions. (Unit of measure: Nm/s)

  6. Vertical Jump Height (VJH)

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Vertical jump height calculated from flight time will be evaluated using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will perform a countermovement jump without arm swing. The best value from 3 repetitions, separated by 1-minute rest intervals, will be recorded. (Unit of measure: cm)

  7. Standing Long Jump (SLJ) Distance

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Horizontal jump distance will be assessed. Participants will perform a maximum distance jump with two feet from behind a starting line. The best value from 3 repetitions will be recorded. (Unit of measure: cm)

  8. 15-Second Repeated Jump Test: Average Power (RJ15s-AP)

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Average power (RJ15s-AP) will be evaluated during 15 seconds of continuous maximal vertical jumps using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will jump with hands on hips and an upright trunk. The value is calculated using the Bosco equation. (Unit of Measure: W)

  9. 15-Second Repeated Jump Test: Flight Time (RJ15s-FT)

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Flight time (RJ15s-FT) will be evaluated during 15 seconds of continuous maximal vertical jumps using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will jump with hands on hips and an upright trunk. The value is calculated using the Bosco equation. (Unit of Measure: ms)

  10. 15-Second Repeated Jump Test: Number of Jumps (N-RJ15s)

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    The number of jumps (N-RJ15s) will be evaluated during 15 seconds of continuous maximal vertical jumps using an electronic contact mat system (Fusion SmartJump, Fusion Sport, Australia). Participants will jump with hands on hips and an upright trunk. (Unit of Measure: Count)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Functional Movement Capacity

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Functional movement capacity and potential asymmetries will be evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) kit, which consists of 7 movement patterns scored from 0 to 3 (max total score: 21). (Unit of measure: Score on a scale from 0 to 21)

  2. Dynamic Balance and Neuromuscular Control

    Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately post-training (Week 6), and after the detraining period (2nd and 4th week).

    Dynamic balance will be measured using the Y-Balance Test kit. Reach distances in three directions will be normalized to the participant's leg length to assess lower extremity neuromuscular control and asymmetry. (Unit of measure: Percentage)

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Fatih GUR, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

+90 258 236 14 88

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Pamukkale University

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 15, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 15, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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