Impact of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane on Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Oxidative stress is defined as "an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants, leading to a disruption of redox signalling and control and/or molecular damage.

Isoflurane, which has been utilized since the 1980s, has a particularly low metabolism rate and solubility, leading to reduced induction of anesthesia during surgery and shortened recovery time after surgery.

Sevoflurane began to be used a decade later and has a lower blood-gas partition coefficient than the other anesthetics, leading to rapid induction of anesthesia and fast awakening after anesthesia.

Inclusion criteria

• Age from 20 to 60 years.
• Both sexes.
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I-II.
• Undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.

Exclusion criteria

• Refusal of participation in the study by patients.
• Diabetes (type I or II), endocrine system, and immune system diseases.
• Chronic infection and sepsis.
• Cardiac condition as classified bythe New York Heart Association (NYHA) > class II.
• Hepatic disease: INR > 1.5, and/or albumin < 2.5 g/dL.
• Renal disease: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 85 ml/min.
• Mental and neurological disorders.