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Completed

NCT Number: NCT06043089

Impact of Beetroot Supplementation in Athletes

Several previous studies observed a positive effect of beetroot supplementation on sports performance in athletes, mainly in endurance performance. However, less attention has been paid to its effects on short-duration performance, especially in youth athletes. Moreover, only a few previous investigations performed biochemical analyses, including pro-oxidant balance assessments. It is especially important because chronic nitrate intake might directly cause the production of reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species in other subcellular compartments, leading to more oxidative stress. Additionally, no previous study verified the impact of beetroot intake on sleep.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy

Age range

14 year–23 year

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University School of Physical Education in Cracow

Krakow, 31-571, Poland

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • male
  • good general health assessed by physician
  • highly trained
  • written consent to participate

Exclusion criteria

  • medication or dietary supplements used within the previous month, which could potentially impact the study outcomes
  • history of sleep nor neurological disorders
  • chronic use (6 months) of any antibacterial mouthwash products.

Treatment and study plan

Beetroot juice supplementation or placebo

Dietary Supplement

Athletes received 7 days of beetroot juice supplementation with nitrate supplementation (2 × 70 mL of beetroot juice ∼12.9 mmol NO3-; Beet It, James White Drinks, Ipswich, UK) or placebo (2 × 70 mL of water with beetroot powder with negligible nitrate content).

Primary outcomes

  1. Performance test

    Time frame: 7 days after treatment

    yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1

  2. Changes in nitrates

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure nitrate concentration

  3. Changes in nitrites

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure nitrite concentration

  4. Changes in prooxidant status

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure total oxidative status

  5. Changes in antioxidant status

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure total antioxidant capacity

  6. Changes in oxidative stress index

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    The oxidative stress index will be calculated as the ratio of plasma prooxidant to antioxidant status

  7. Changes in nitrooxidative stress markers

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure 3-nitrotyrosine concentration

  8. Changes in protein oxidation

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure advanced protein oxidation products concentration

  9. Changes in nucleic acid oxidation

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure ox-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration

  10. Changes in lipids oxidation

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood plasma will be obtained to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration

  11. Changes in exercise-induced metabolic acidosis

    Time frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test

    Arterialized blood will be obtained to measure lactate concentration

  12. Objective Sleep - Time in bed

    Time frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment

    Total time spent in bed during the night assessed by sleep radar

  13. Objective Sleep - Sleep-onset latency

    Time frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment

    The time it takes from when the athlete intends to go to sleep and actually starts to sleep assessed by sleep radar

  14. Objective Sleep - Total sleep time

    Time frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment

    Total sleep time obtained from sleep onset to time at wake-up assessed by sleep radar

  15. Objective Sleep - Light sleep

    Time frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment

    Total amount of time in light sleep assessed by sleep radar

  16. Objective Sleep - Deep sleep

    Time frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment

    Total amount of time in deep sleep assessed by sleep radar

  17. Objective Sleep - REM sleep

    Time frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment

    Total amount of time in REM sleep assessed by sleep radar

  18. Objective Sleep - Sleep efficiency

    Time frame: nights 1 - 7 during treatment

    The percentage of total sleep time to lights off and leaving bed assessed by sleep radar

Secondary outcomes

  1. Countermovement jump height

    Time frame: 7 days after treatment

  2. Ball speed velocity

    Time frame: 7 days after treatment

  3. Sprint test (0-20m)

    Time frame: 7 days after treatment

  4. Agility T-test

    Time frame: 7 days after treatment

  5. Maximal isometric handgrip strength

    Time frame: 7 days after treatment

  6. Flanker task

    Time frame: 7 days after treatment

  7. Changes in muscle damage markers

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood serum will be obtained to measure myoglobin concentration

  8. Changes in muscle enzymes activity

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood serum will be obtained to measure creatine kinase activity

  9. Changes in inflammation markers

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood serum will be obtained to measure C-reactive protein concentration

  10. Changes in blood count

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Whole blood will be obtained to measure leukocyte count

  11. Changes in anabolic hormones

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood serum will be obtained to measure testosterone concentration

  12. Changes in catabolic hormones

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood serum will be obtained to measure cortisol concentration

  13. Changes in kidney function markers

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood serum will be obtained to measure creatinine concentration

  14. Changes in the purine metabolism marker

    Time frame: 1) baseline - 2) 7th day of treatment - before the supplementation, 3) 7th day of treatment - before the performance test, 4) 7th day of treatment - immediately after the performance test

    Blood serum will be obtained to measure uric acid concentration

  15. Changes in hemoglobin concentration

    Time frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test

    Arterialized blood will be obtained to measure hemoglobin concentration

  16. Changes in hematocrit

    Time frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test

    Arterialized blood will be obtained to measure hematocrit

  17. Changes in plasma volume

    Time frame: 1) Before the performance test 2) 3 minutes after the performance test 3) 10 minutes after the performance test 4) 20 minutes after the performance test

    The change in plasma volume will be calculated using the hemoglobin and hematocrit results

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland

Other

Collaborators

  • University of Bergen

Registry information

Official study title

Impact of Beetroot Supplementation on Sports Performance, Prooxidant-antioxidant Balance and Sleep in Athletes

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2023
Study completion
2023
First posted
Sep 21, 2023
Registry last updated
Feb 1, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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