Impact Force and Jump Performance in Taekwondo

This study employed a cross-sectional observational design to investigate the association between lower-limb explosive power and sport-specific striking performance in elite Taekwondo athletes.

Force and power-related variables were obtained under standardized testing conditions in a controlled laboratory environment. Participants completed countermovement jump (CMJ) assessments following a standardized warm-up protocol. CMJ performance was used as an indicator of global lower-limb explosive capacity.

Sport-specific impact performance was evaluated using standardized kicking tasks, including dominant and non-dominant Roundhouse Kick (RK) and Side Kick (SK) techniques. Impact-related variables were recorded using validated biomechanical measurement equipment capable of capturing force-related output during striking. All trials were performed with consistent target height and distance to ensure comparability between participants.

Athletes were grouped according to official weight categories and gender in order to examine potential inter-group differences in performance characteristics. Data normality was tested prior to inferential analysis. Depending on distribution assumptions, parametric or non-parametric statistical tests were applied. Relationships between CMJ performance and kick impact variables were examined using correlation analysis, while group differences were assessed using appropriate comparative statistical tests.

All measurements were completed in a single testing session to minimize inter-session variability, and multiple trials were used for each performance test to ensure reliability.

Inclusion criteria

Elite Taekwondo athletes with international competition experience Training regularly (minimum 6 sessions per week) No lower extremity injury affecting performance in the last 6 months Voluntary participation with written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Current musculoskeletal injury or pain affecting performance History of lower limb surgery in the past 12 months Use of performance-enhancing drugs or stimulants before testing Failure to complete all performance tests (CMJ and kicking protocols) Non-compliance with pre-test instructions (diet, rest, or activity restrictions)