Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) Retreatment in Second-line Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer: a Retrospective, Real-world Study

All patients received combination therapy with ICIs inhibitors for at least 2 cycles in the first-line and at least 2 cycles of ICI inhibitor-based therapy in the second-line after first-line progression. The efficacy and safety of treatment were evaluated, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), Pattern of immune progression after cross-line therapy, grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Cox regression model was used to investigate the influence of multiple factors on survival.

Inclusion criteria

• Histologically confirmed metastatic or advanced GC/GEJC;
• Received at least 2 cycles of anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 based therapy in the first-line setting;
• Receiving at least 2 cycles of ICI-based second-line therapy;
• ECOG PS 0 or 1;
• Radiographic response was also assessed during treatment and survival.

Exclusion criteria

• patients had other malignancies within the past 5 years;
• lack of survival and clinical efficacy data;
• combined radiotherapy regimens in the second-line treatment.