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OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT07673224

Immersive Virtual Reality Training for Phlebotomy Skills in Nursing Students

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' learning outcomes in phlebotomy skills. The study compares immersive VR-based simulation with traditional task trainer-based simulation.

A total sample of undergraduate nursing students is randomly assigned to either the experimental group (VR training) or the control group (task trainer training). The intervention focuses on improving self-efficacy, reducing anxiety, and enhancing clinical performance in venipuncture skills.

Outcomes are measured at three time points: pre-test, immediate post-test, and follow-up. Self-efficacy, anxiety, and clinical performance are assessed using validated scales.

The study seeks to determine whether immersive VR provides a more effective and engaging learning experience compared to conventional simulation methods in nursing education.

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Key information

Conditions

Nursing Education Immersive Virtual Reality Part-Task Trainer Simulation Phlebotomy

Age range

18 year–22 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Al-Quds University

Abū Dīs, Jerusalem, 5100, Palestinian Territories

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Second-year nursing students who enrolled in the Adult Health Nursing I course, had no prior clinical experience in venipuncture, and were willing to participate in the study. Additional inclusion criteria included the ability to attend training sessions using both immersive virtual reality (VR) and a part-task trainer simulation and commitment to completing all training and assessment sessions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.

Exclusion criteria

if they had previous advanced or extensive practical experience in venipuncture or had participated in external training programs related to the same skill. Additional exclusion criteria included the presence of physical or psychological conditions that could interfere with participation or performance during training, failure to attend scheduled training sessions, incomplete participation in the study procedures, or withdrawal of consent.

Treatment and study plan

Immersive Virtual Reality Training

Behavioral

Immersive VR-based phlebotomy training simulation designed to improve self-efficacy, reduce anxiety, and enhance clinical performance.

Part-Task Trainer Simulation Training

Behavioral

Traditional phlebotomy training using a part-task trainer arm simulation.

Primary outcomes

  1. Self-efficacy

    Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and two-week follow-up

    Measured using a validated self-efficacy scale for clinical skills.

  2. Clinical performance

    Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and two-week follow-up

    Assessed using a structured checklist evaluating steps of the phlebotomy procedure.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Anxiety related to phlebotomy skill

    Time frame: Baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at the 2-week follow-up.

    State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) - State version (STAI-S)

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Al-Quds University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Immersive VR Phlebotomy on Nursing Students Self-efficacy, Anxiety and Clinical Performance: Randomize Clinical Trial

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jun 29, 2026
Registry last updated
Jun 29, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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