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OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT05253703

Immersive Virtual Reality Bicycling for Healthy Adults

This study has four objectives about healthy younger and older adults during immersive virtual reality bicycling:

Determine the effect of visual feedback and competition for younger healthy adults during virtual bicycling on user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, and neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity

Determine the effect of visual feedback and competition for older healthy adults during virtual bicycling on user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, and neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity

Compare younger and older during visual feedback and competition bicycling in terms of: user experience, motivation, enjoyment, perception of effort, neuromuscular and cardiovascular intensity

Determine if attention differs in visual feedback bicycling compared to competition bicycling for younger and older healthy adults

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Behavior Motor Activity

Age range

21 year–75 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Rutgers School of Health Professions

Newark, New Jersey, 07107, United States

About this study

Participants will attend one session lasting about 1.5 hours. They will complete a competitiveness assessment and a questionnaire about physical activity. They will then exercise in three different virtual reality augmented bicycling conditions while wearing a head mounted display (goggles). Each of the three conditions will last approximately 5 minutes and will be followed by questionnaires about the participant's experience.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • 21-75 years old,
  • Able to ride a stationary upright bicycle,
  • Able to sign informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

  • Have a recent history of severe heart disease, severe lung disease, uncontrolled diabetes, traumatic brain injury or any other neurological disorder
  • Are unable to follow directions or sign a consent form,
  • Do not have adequate vision or hearing ability to see or hear a television,
  • Have unstable medical condition or musculoskeletal disorder such as severe arthritis, recent knee surgery, hip surgery, or any other condition that the investigators determine would impair the ability to ride the bicycle,
  • Have any other medical condition that prevents bicycling,
  • Have moderate depression (score of 10 or more on PHQ-9 screening tool)

Treatment and study plan

Virtual reality bicycling

Other

This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session (see arm/group description).

Primary outcomes

  1. Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Feedback

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout

    Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  2. Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Self-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout

    Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  3. Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling cadence, revolutions per minute) - Other-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout

    Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  4. Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Feedback

    Time frame: Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute feedback bout

    Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.

  5. Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Self-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute self-competition bout

    Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.

  6. Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Other-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 5-minute other-competition bout

    Intrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.

  7. Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Feedback

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout

    Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  8. Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Self-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout

    Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  9. Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart rate, beats per minute) - Other-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout

    Heart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)

  10. Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Feedback

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute feedback bout

    3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz)

  11. Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Self-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute self-competition bout

    3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz)

  12. Visual Attention (infrared eye-tracking data representing gaze positions in a 3D coordinate plane to be used in calculating dwell time in regions of interest in the virtual simulation) - Other-Competition

    Time frame: Session 1 - During the 5-minute other-competition bout

    3D gaze positions measured continuously (50 values per second, 50 Hz)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (start)

    Time frame: Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  2. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (middle)

    Time frame: Session 1 - At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  3. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (end)

    Time frame: Session 1 - At the endpoint (5-minute mark) of the 5-minute feedback bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  4. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (start)

    Time frame: Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  5. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (middle)

    Time frame: Session 1 -At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  6. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (end)

    Time frame: Session 1 -At the end (5-minute mark) of the 5-minute self-competition bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  7. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (start)

    Time frame: Session 1 -Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 5-minute other-competition bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  8. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (middle)

    Time frame: Session 1 -At the midpoint (2.5-minute mark) of the 5-minute other-competition bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  9. Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (end)

    Time frame: Session 1 -At the end (5-minute mark) of the 5-minute other-competition bout

    Borg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.

  10. Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)

    Time frame: Session 1 - Collected once at start of session

    Measured once using the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory consisting of 12 items from 4 subscales (hyper competitive, self-developmental, anxious, lack of interest) For each subscale, mean scores range from 1-6 with higher scores representing higher levels of that subscale metric.

  11. Ranking of Perceived Effort

    Time frame: Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling condition

    Once, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked in which of the 3 bicycling conditions they felt they worked the hardest. They will rank the 3 conditions with a score from 1-3, with a 1 indicating the condition in which they felt they worked the hardest and a 3 indicating the condition in which they felt they worked the least hard.

  12. Ranking of Enjoyment

    Time frame: Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling condition

    Once, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked which of the 3 bicycling conditions they liked the best. They will rank the 3 conditions with a score from 1-3, with a 1 indicating the condition they liked the best and a 3 indicating the condition they liked the least.

  13. Audio recordings of exercise experience

    Time frame: Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling condition

    Once, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked about their exercise experience. Their responses will be audio recorded to be coded and analyzed qualitatively for themes.

Other outcomes

  1. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

    Time frame: Collected once at start of the session

    The IPAQ is a 27-item questionnaire to measure levels of physical activity. There are 4 main domains of physical activity related to: occupation, transportation, housework, leisure activity. Scores range from 0-19,278 with higher scores representing higher levels of physical activity over the past 7 days.

  2. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

    Time frame: Collected once during screening

    The PHQ-9 is a 9-item questionnaire to rate depression (scored from 0-27 with a lower score indicating lower levels of depression).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Enhancing Exercise Intensity, Motivation and Enjoyment for Younger and Older Healthy Adults (VCycle-Competition-HA)

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2022
Study completion
2022
First posted
Feb 24, 2022
Registry last updated
Aug 18, 2022

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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