Ideal Time of Stenting Prior to Ureteral Access Sheath for Stone Disease

The miniaturization of endourological instruments and improvements in laser lithotripsy have revolutionized the approach to renal stones . - Flexible URS has become popular with urologists, as it is easy to learn, is associated with high stone-free rates, and is acceptable to patients. Firstly described in 1964 by Marshall, the uretroscope was only passively deflectable and did not include working channel. - Although the first successful procedure in humans with a ureteroscope integrating active deflection has been reported by Takayasu, it was not until 1987 that Demetrius Bagley introduced flexible ureteroscopy as we know it today ).] - two types of flexible uretroscopy can be distinguished. The difference between them is the image relay and light transmission. - Now either to use ureteral access sheath (AS) or not , but usage of AS decrease intrarenal pressure and clear vision by drainage of dust , so , for access of AS stent better to be inserted prior to the procedure ) So, there are little publications regarding the optimal timing of the stent In this study we will assess the feasibility of passage AS after two versus four weeks from stent insertion

Inclusion criteria

• All patients with stone kidney up to 2 cm
• failed ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)
• difficult PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy)

Exclusion criteria

• Size more than 2 cm