Hypoglycemia Biomarkers to Predict Timing of a Hypoglycemic Event

Primary endpoint is establishing a panel of biomarkers from 100 hypoglycemic diabetic patients with type 1 or type 2 Diabetes during the incidence of hypoglycemia by taking a single blood sample to be analyzed for HbA1c, LDL, HDL, Triglycerides, CRP, CBC and biochemical analysis including liver and kidney function tests. In addition to 5 ml serum sample to be centrifuged and stored in RCSI lab.

Inpatient hypoglycemic patients may also be included in group of hypoglycemia and will be required to have a serial of blood samples taken to be analyzed on the 1st hour, 2nd hour, 3rd hour and 4th hour after the hypoglycemic event.

Secondary endpoint involves recruitment of 100 control Diabetic patients with type 1 or type 2 Diabetes to establish a panel of biomarkers by obtaining a blood sample for the HbA1c, LDL, HDL, Triglycerides, CRP, CBC and biochemical analysis including liver and kidney function tests to include 50 subjects fasting overnight and the other 50 subjects to be non-fasting but without having hypoglycemia at the time of recruitment or in the last 72 hours.

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

for diabetes subjects with hypoglycemia

• Diagnosed of type 2 diabetes or type 1 based on the WHO guidelines Patient's age from 21-75 years old
• Able to say when the hypo had occurred (free style libre in the outpatient setting, or documented blood glucose less than < 4 mmol/l (<70 mg/dl) as an inpatient

Inclusion criteria

for diabetes subjects without hypoglycemia:

• Diagnosed of type 2 diabetes or type 1 based on the WHO guidelines
• Patient's age from 21-75 years old
• No hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia unawareness.

Exclusion criteria

• eGFR less than 45 ml/min
• Liver enzymes 3 folds greater than upper limit
• Pregnancy
• Patients on steroids or Atypical Antipsychotics or Cyclosporine/Tacrolimus or other medications that may mask hypoglycemia

Exclusion criteria

for diabetes subjects with hypoglycemia

• Unable to determine when hypoglycemic event had taken place
• Hypoglycemic unawareness
• Severe hypoglycemic event in the last 3 months

Exclusion criteria

for diabetes subjects without hypoglycemia

• Hypoglycemic event in the preceding week
• Hypoglycemic unawareness