Human Perception on Medical Extended Reality Devices

Inclusion criteria

• Must be between 18 and 70 years old
• No gender requirement
• No sensory, proprioceptive, or neural impairments
• Ability to sit for 20-30 minutes at a time, for up to 2 hours with 5-10 minute breaks
• Adults with normal or corrected-to-normal vision that can wear an HMD comfortably.

• For participants with corrected-to-normal vision and, in the case of an HMD that is not compatible with glasses, contact lenses will be required

Exclusion criteria

• History of light sensitivity, epilepsy, or seizures
• Uncorrected visual impairments
• Pregnant women
• Participants that have corrected-to-normal vision with glasses that cannot wear the HMD comfortably
• Presence of sensory, proprioceptive, neural, vestibular, or physical impairments that limit fine motor control, gross movement, normal ambulation, or ability to sit/stand as needed for the study
• Claustrophobia such that use of an HMD induces anxiety or other negative psychological response
• Cognitive impairments that limit the ability to comprehend simple written and verbal instructions or identify and locate objects in space
• Subjects with migraine headaches or that experience motion sickness
• Current or prior diagnosis of epilepsy, seizure disorder, dementia, migraines (especially with visual aura), or other neurological diseases
• Current medical condition predisposing to nausea, dizziness, or vertigo (e.g. Meniere's disease)
• Ongoing psychosis, hallucinations, or dissociative disorders affecting perception of reality
• Hypersensitivity to flashing light or motion
• Irritated skin or open wounds on the scalp and face where the AR/VR headset will rest
• Past history of use of hallucinogenic medications (e.g. LSD, mesclun, etc.)
• Prior cervical spine disorder or Brachial plexus disorder or shoulder joint disorder, or hand disorder or past surgery in any of the previous stated anatomic areas (as these might affect the use, responsiveness, and/or dexterity of upper extremities or hand-eye coordination)
• Subjects will be excluded from participation in this study if they answer yes to a screening question about taking various medications listed below: (n.b. the reasons for subject being excluded is also noted with the potential side-effects of the noted medication)

• Antihistamines (e.g. diphenhydramine {Benadryl}, etc.) -- Drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, stomach upset, blurred vision, or dry mouth/nose/throat may occur.
• Muscle relaxants (e.g. methocarbamol {Robaxin}, cyclobenzaprine {Flexeril}, carisoprodol {Soma} , etc.) -- Drowsiness, tiredness, clumsiness, headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, dry mouth, stomach upset, nausea/vomiting, or blurred vision may occur.
• Analgesic medications (e.g. narcotics, Class II controlled substances such as propoxyphene {Darvon} , etc.) -- Low blood pressure, drowsiness, fainting, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, generalized weakness, a feeling of general discomfort called malaise.
• Sleep medications (e.g. zolpridem {Ambien}, etc.) -- Daytime drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, feeling "drugged" or light-headed; tired feeling, loss of coordination; memory loss, stuffy nose, dry mouth, nose or throat irritation; nausea, constipation, diarrhea, upset stomach, headache, muscle pain, anxiety, depression, aggression, agitation, confusion, or hallucinations (hearing or seeing.) This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur.