Human Doctors or AI: Evaluating Patient Satisfaction in Urinary Stone Disease Consultations

The goal of this observational study is to understand how satisfied patients are after getting medical advice about urinary stone disease from either a real doctor or an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot. We want to learn whether people feel more satisfied with the information and support they get from human doctors or from AI tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, or Copilot.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

* Are patients more satisfied after consulting a real doctor or an AI chatbot? * Does the time spent in the consultation affect satisfaction?

Researchers will compare doctor consultations with consultations from different AI chatbots to see if there are differences in patient satisfaction.

Participants will:

* Ask all their medical questions about urinary stones to one of the sources (a doctor or a specific AI chatbot) * Fill out a short questionnaire (CSQ-8) to rate how satisfied they felt with the answers they received

Completed

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Key information

Conditions

Patient Satisfaction Behavior Health Behavior Treatment Adherence and Compliance

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

İzzet Baysal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi

Bolu, 14030, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Newly diagnosed with urinary stone disease,
Aged 18 years or older,
Provided written informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

History of previous urinary stone disease, stone-related procedures,
Presence of other acute medical conditions unrelated to urinary stone disease,
Cognitive or communication impairments,
Pregnancy.

Treatment and study plan

Medical Consultation

Behavioral

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive medical consultation about urinary stone disease from one of five sources: a real urologist (in-person) or one of four AI chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, or Microsoft Copilot). Each participant will be instructed to ask all their questions related to urinary stone disease and continue the consultation until they feel adequately informed. The consultation format (human vs. AI) will depend on group assignment. After the session, participants will complete a validated satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ-8) to assess their experience.

Primary outcomes

Patient Satisfaction Score

Time frame: Within 1 hour after the consultation

Patient satisfaction will be measured using the validated Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8), which consists of 8 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale. The total score ranges from 8 to 32, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction.

Secondary outcomes

Consultation Duration

Time frame: During consultation

Total duration (in minutes) of the consultation session (doctor or chatbot) will be recorded and compared across all groups.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Abant Izzet Baysal University

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start: 2025
Primary completion: 2025
Study completion: 2025
First posted: Aug 8, 2025
Registry last updated: Aug 8, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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Completed