How to Prevent Complications During Dialysis

Dialysis has become an integral part of daily routine for kidney failure patients. so, if we can reduce complications during sessions, we will reduce the burden of life as a whole ¬. Haemodialysis problems are frequent (1).

The definitions of dry weight have changed over time but can be defined as the lowest post-dialysis weight tolerated without significant signs of hypovolaemia.(2) It should be mentioned that the incidence of complications during hemodialysate depends on the balance between the rate of ultrafiltration and changes in plasma volume. The amount of ultrafiltration is typically determined by calculating the patient's dry weight.(3) Common problems during haemodialysis, in order of frequency, are: hypotension of around 23%, muscle cramps of roughly 10 to 20%, and nausea and vomiting of 10%. (4, 5). About 60 to 90% of dialysis patients suffer fatigue, which is one of the most prevalent complaints in people receiving hemodialysis.(6) aggressive ultrafiltration and targeting an inappropriately low dry weight can lead to intradialytic hypotension (IDH), nausea, central nervous system dysfunction, cramping, and risks compromising vascular access and worsening residual renal function.(7) Determining the patients' accurate dry weight is essential to minimizing these issues. When dry weight is accurately determined, quick variations in blood volume are avoided, which lowers the risk of problems during haemodialysis(8). The measurement of arterial natriuretic peptide (half-life of approximately 2 to 4 minutes), cyclic guanidine monophosphate, the diameter of the inferior vena cava (by echocardiography), bioimpedance (based on resistance measurement), and blood volume (by tracking changes in serum protein and hemoglobin) are used to determine dry weight.(9, 10) These techniques frequently need specialized equipment and are expensive. However, one practical way to measure dry weight prior to dialysis is to measure the amount of sodium, the most prevalent cation in extracellular fluid .(11)

Inclusion criteria

• 6- not dependent to mechanical ventilation

• at least one year history of hemodialysis
• adults aged 18 to 65 years old
• ability to communicate verbally
• with no history of diabetes mellitus, urinary incontinence syndrome, heart and liver failure, and adrenal hypertrophy 5 -no use of antihypertensive and antispasmodic drugs four hours before dialysis

Exclusion criteria

1- Impaired consciousness 2- participant's withdrawal from the study 5-death 3- severe blood supply problem in the fistula or vascular access 4-migration or travel during the study

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