Hormone Therapy and Angiotensin-Dependent Arterial and Renal Vasoconstriction in Humans

Participants are screened for eligibility.

Study involves a 4.5 hour morning in the lab:

• Participants come fasting
• IV infusion and blood draws
• Non invasive testing - Holter monitor, sphygmocor, bioelectrical impedance, blood pressure checks

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18 to 90 years
• Taking hormones orally or non-orally (either estrogen, progesterone or testosterone)

Exclusion criteria

• Cardiovascular disease (symptoms consistent with myocardial ischemia, previously documented myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrhythmias or valve abnormalities, or abnormal ECG at screening)
• Cerebrovascular disease (transient ischemic attacks or stroke)
• History of hypertension (BP>140/90 or use of antihypertensive medications)
• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2
• Diabetes mellitus (defined by history, use of hypoglycaemic agents or a fasting glucose >7mmol/L)
• Current smoker
• Previous history of preeclampsia
• Anabolic steroids, cortical steroids, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, or at the discretion of the investigator.