Holographic Augmented Reality Versus Screen Visualisation of 3D Rendering Models for the Pre-operative Evaluation and Planning of Liver Resections

Correctly identify anatomy and appropriate surgical planning Residents' decision-making accuracy when reviewing patient data and 3D liver models using Holograms or on PDF, measured by comparing their performance.

The measurement tool will be a questionnaire consisting of 11 questions, rate of correct answers will be recorded (e.g. 8/10 correct answers) and higher scores mean a better outcome.

Analyse the time spent for the evaluation of the cases and complete the questionnaire Assessed by total time needed to make decision for 15 patient cases in minutes

Analyse the NASA TLI score for each participant to evaluate the cases by conducting a subjective mental workload assessment rating performance across six dimensions to determine an overall workload rating:

• Mental demand - how much thinking, deciding, or calculating was required to perform the task.
• Physical demand - the amount and intensity of physical activity required to complete the task.
• Temporal demand - the amount of time pressure involved in completing the task.
• Effort - how hard does the participant have to work to maintain their level of performance?
• Performance - the level of success in completing the task.
• Frustration level - how insecure, discouraged, or secure or content the participant felt during the task.

Each participant gives a rating for each subscale from 1 (low) to 20 (high) and the TLX will calculate the overall worklaod score between 0 and 100