HIV/STI Risk Reduction for Incarcerated Women With Interpersonal Violence

The investigators will calculate effect sizes and confidence intervals for number of USOs. The number of USOs will be measured by the Timeline Follow Back (TLFB).

The investigators will calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for any positive trichomoniasis test during follow-up using logistic regression, with baseline trichomoniasis status as a covariate. The presence of Trichomoniasis is measured by rapid test.

The investigators will assess the feasibility and acceptability of WPC and NP by examining rates of treatment attendance, rates of treatment completion (attending at least 5 of the 6 scheduled individual sessions) and drop-out, and scores on the End of Treatment Questionnaire. Additionally, they will examine reasons for termination for consistent patterns. Acceptability of both WPC and NP using data from Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and detailed exit interviews will be examined.

One of the primary goals of a treatment development study is to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed treatment and of the study and recruitment methods. As a result, the investigators will assess the feasibility of the research procedures by examining study recruitment and refusal rates, participants' willingness to be randomized, follow-up rates, reliability and range of responses to study questionnaires, and success of the interventionist training program

Episodes of interpersonal violence (physical or sexual abuse or assault) as measured by the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) and the Conflict Tactic Scale (CTS2). The investigators will calculate the effect size and 95% confidence intervals for number of interpersonal violence episodes during the follow-up period using Trauma History Q data. For women who have been in at least one romantic relationship during the follow-up period, the investigators will also explore differences in IPV severity using CTS2 scores. Exploratory tests for differences between conditions will use hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), with baseline scores as covariates.

PTSD Symptom Severity as measured by the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS). The investigators will calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for reduction in PTSD symptoms using the DTS total scores. Exploratory tests for differences between conditions will use HLM with baseline scores as covariates.

Depressive Symptom Severity as measured by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS-SR). The investigators will calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for reduction in depressive symptoms using the QIDS-SR total scores. Exploratory tests for differences between conditions will use HLM with baseline scores as covariates.

Total number of days that women used drugs or had 4+ drinks as measured by the Timeline Followback (TLFB). Self-report data will be compared to significant other report, urine drug screens, and breath alcohol tests. The investigators will calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for number of drug using/heavy drinking days using TLFB data. Exploratory tests for differences bet-ween conditions will use HLM with using/heavy drinking days in the 90 prior to incarceration as a covariate

Affect management is measured by the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS). It is a 15-item self report measure that assesses perceived ability to tolerate emotional distress, including ability to regulate negative affect. The investigators will calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for improvement in affect modulation measured by the DTS. Exploratory tests for differences between conditions will use HLM with the baseline score as a covariate.

Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) will be used to measure general social support. The investigators will calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for improvement in social support measured by the MSPSS using HLM with baseline score as a covariate.

The Effectiveness in Obtaining Resources Scale assesses respondents' effectiveness in obtaining resources in 13 areas: housing, material, goods and services, education, employment, health care for themselves and their children, child care, transportation, social support, legal assistance, financial issues, and other issues regarding themselves and their children. For this study, the investigators also ask questions assessing a woman's ability to access mental health treatment, substance use, and partner violence resources. The Treatment Services Review (TSR) assesses receipt of mental health and substance use services.

The investigators will also calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for effectiveness in obtaining resources measured by the EOR total score and for total days of treatment received measured by the TSR. Exploratory tests for differences between conditions will use HLM.