High Dose Inspiratory Muscle Training in LOPD

Change pre-test to post test, measured in cm H20

Change pre-test to post test, measured in cm H20

Change pre-test to post test, measured in pressure-time units (PTUs)

Change pre-test to post test, measured by duration in seconds

Change pre-test to post test, a proprietary measure which quantifies propensity to inspiratory muscle fatigue based upon the relationship between inspiratory capacity and demand using the following equation: (IPC [in Watts] x MID) / (Power500 x T500), where Power500 = power expended to inspire a mass of 500 mL air and T500 = time when mass of inspired air=500 mL at sea level

Change pre-test to post-test, measured in liters using a portable hand-held spirometer

change pre-test to post-test, measured in liters per second using a portable hand-held spirometer

change pre-test to post-test, measured in liters per second using portable hand-held spirometer

change pre-test to post-test, measured in seconds

Change pre-test to post-test, measured in liters per second

Change pre-test to post-test, measured in seconds

Change pre-test to post-test, measured in liters per second

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by EPF/EPRT

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) survey completion, using a 7 point ordinal scale where a rating of 1 indicates strong disagreement and a rating of 7 indicates strong agreement.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) survey completion using a score of 0 (never affected) to 4 (almost always affected). The total score ranges from 0 to a maximum of 84. Higher scores indicate greater impact of fatigue on quality of life.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) survey completion using a 0 to 3 ordinal scale in which 0=no chance of dozing, 1=slight chance of dozing, 2= moderate chance of dozing, and 3=high chance of dozing. Scores are summed to obtain total ESS score where a score >10 reflects excessive daytime sleepiness.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) survey completion. The PSQI is a 9-question, 19-item instrument. Items 1 to 4 are open-ended questions (customary bedtime, length of time to fall asleep). Items 5 to 8 (including the 10 questions comprising item 5) are sleep symptoms which are rated as to their frequency using an ordinal scale: 0=not occurring in the last month, 1=less than once a week, 2=once or twice a week, and 3=three or more times a week. Item 9 is a rating of overall sleep quality over the past month using a 0 to 3 ordinal scale: 0=very good; 1=fairly good; 2= fairly bad; and 3=very bad. Scores from the 19-items are combined according to standard scoring criteria to obtain a Global PSQI score. Scores >5 indicate reduced sleep quality.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Respiratory Symptoms Questionnaire (RSQ) completion using a 0-3 scale where a higher score indicates worse symptoms.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Rotterdam Handicap Scale (RHS) survey completion using a ranging scale of 1 - 4 where 1 = unable to fulfil the task or activity and 4 = complete fulfillment of the task or activity. Scores are summed and range from 9-36.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Short Form 36 (SF-36) survey completion where physical and mental component summary scales (PCS and MCS) are calculated from the subscales and transformed to a normalized T-score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores represent better health-related quality of life.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Communicative Participation Item Bank-Short From (CPIB-10) survey completion using a 4-point scale (not at all=3, a little=2, quite a bit=1, very much=0). Item scores are added to obtain the summary score which ranges from 0-30. This can be transformed into a standard T score (mean=50, SD=10). Higher scores represent less interference in communication participation.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) survey completion using a 5-point scale (0=never, 1=almost never, 2=sometimes, 3=almost always, 4=always). Item responses are added to obtain a total score (values >11 abnormal) with higher scores indicating greater perception of voice-related handicap.

Change pre-test to post-test, measured by Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) survey completion using a 5-point scale (0=no problem, 4=severe problem). Item responses are added to obtain a total score (values >3 abnormal) with higher scores indicating greater severity of swallowing symptoms.