Heterogeneity Informed Nutrition Therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus can be classified based on impairments in two different physiologic parameters, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. The investigator involved in this trial has previously defined GDM subtypes based on underlying physiology and demonstrated that women with GDM and predominant sensitivity defects have an elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, while women with predominant secretion defects do not appear to carry the same risk. This supports the idea that not all gestational diabetes is the same. Ideal treatment strategies may differ between GDM subtypes. In this trial, investigators will evaluate the postprandial glycemic response to two test meals with different macronutrient content in different GDM physiologic subtypes. Two test meals with different macronutrient proportions have been designed by research dieticians. Participants will eat test meals at home for breakfast in a randomized order after an overnight fast. Participants will complete food and blood sugar diaries, and will wear a continuous glucose monitor, which will measure postprandial glucose.

Inclusion criteria

-Diagnosis of gestational diabetes

Exclusion criteria

• Known diabetes mellitus that preceded pregnancy
• Food allergies to components of the test meals
• Use of medications known to affect glucose tolerance
• Have extensive skin changes or diseases making CGM sensor use problematic
• Demonstrated allergy to CGM adhesive
• Inability to adhere to the swimming and bathing instructions
• Plan to have MRI, CT scan, X Ray or diathermy (heat treatment) during the 7-day CGM study period
• Inability to adhere to Vitamin C guidelines during study period (using more than 500 mg of Vitamin C/day which could interfere with the CGM)
• Use of medications known to affect glucose tolerance
• In the opinion of the principal investigator (PI), demonstrate any other factor likely to limit compliance with the protocol