Heparin Binding Protein Versus Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume Kinetics in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of VAP

This prospective, single-blinded observational study aims to investigate the prognostic value of heparin-binding protein (HBP), mean platelet volume (MPV) kinetics, and the MPV-to-platelet count (PC) ratio in adult patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The study will be conducted on 80 adult patients (aged >18 and <70 years) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at El-Minia University Hospitals. Eligible patients must have been mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours and meet the diagnostic criteria for VAP based on clinical and radiological data, including a Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) >6. The CPIS will be calculated without including microbiological culture results.

After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent from first-degree relatives, patients will be enrolled and classified retrospectively into two groups based on clinical outcomes:

Group A: Survivors (patients who undergo successful extubation).

Group B: Non-survivors (patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation-defined as ≥21 days-and/or those who die within 30 days of diagnosis).

Blood samples will be collected and tested for HBP, MPV kinetics, and the MPV/PC ratio. All laboratory analyses will be performed in a blinded manner to eliminate bias, as the clinical pathologist will not be informed of the patient group classification.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether these biomarkers can predict clinical outcomes and assist in the risk stratification of patients with VAP.

Exclusion criteria

include patients with:

Pre-existing infections or sepsis at the time of ICU admission.

Underlying conditions that may affect platelet function or morphology (e.g., cancer, chronic liver disease, end-stage renal disease).

Primary hematologic disorders, including disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤20×10⁹/L) or those receiving platelet transfusions.

The study aims to generate insights that may guide future prognostic and therapeutic strategies in managing critically ill patients with VAP.

Inclusion criteria

• 1. Patients < 18 years old<70years 2. MV for more than 48 h. 3 . Signs of VAP according to clinical and radiological data , Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) will be calculated for the patients and will be included when CPIS > 6 . Modified CPIS will be calculated without considering culture results.(12)

Exclusion criteria

• . Patients with pre-existing infections or sepsis at ICU admission. 2. Patients with underlying conditions such cancer, chronic liver illnesses, end-stage renal disease, etc. that may impact platelet function or morphology.

• primary hematological disorders, disseminated intravascular coagulation. 4.severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤ 20x109 L-1) and receiving platelet transfusion.