Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT07097779

Helping Stroke Patients With Movement Using Photos, Videos, and Pictograms

The goal of this interventional study is to learn how different types of visual aids-photos, videos, and pictograms-help people with stroke understand and perform simple physical movements. The researcher wants to find out which type of visual aid is most helpful and easiest to understand for stroke rehabilitation.

To take part, participants must be able to stand for at least one minute without help and understand simple instructions.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

* Which type of visual aid (photo, video, or pictogram) helps participants perform movements more accurately? * Which visual aid do participants find the easiest to understand and prefer? * How much mental effort (cognitive load) do participants feel when using each type of visual aid? * Do the effects of visual aids vary depending on stroke type, brain lesion location, or time since stroke?

The researcher will compare how each type of visual aid affects movement performance and participants' responses.

Participants will:

* View three types of visual aids (photo, video, pictogram) and perform specific physical tasks based on each. * Have their movement performance recorded using a video camera. * Complete a short survey after the tasks to rate their understanding, preferences, and cognitive effort. * Take part in a single session that lasts about 20 minutes in a quiet room within the hospital.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Stroke Brain Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Central Nervous System Diseases Cerebrovascular Disorders Nervous System Diseases Vascular Diseases

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Ilsan Central Rehabilitation Hospital

Goyang-si, South Korea

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Diagnosed with stroke.
  • Have sufficient vision and cognitive ability to perceive the provided visual materials (pictures or text).
  • Able to stand independently without assistive devices for at least 1 minute.
  • Have minimum cognitive ability necessary to understand tasks and follow instructions, with a score of 18 or higher on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE).

Exclusion criteria

  • ndividuals with other central nervous system disorders besides stroke that may affect motor performance or assessment.
  • Individuals with musculoskeletal disorders, such as arthritis or fractures, that may affect motor performance or assessment.
  • Individuals with severe visual impairments, such as visual field defects, unilateral neglect, or color blindness.

Treatment and study plan

Visual Aids(Photos, Videos, and Pictograms)

Behavioral

Participants will be presented with three types of visual instructional aids: photographs, videos, and pictograms, via a laptop or tablet. Each participant will perform three motor tasks, each paired with a different visual aid, assigned in random order using a Latin Square design. Each task takes approximately 3 minutes, followed by 1 minute of rest. After completing all tasks, participants will complete a 5-minute survey about their understanding, preference, and perceived cognitive load. The total session lasts about 20 minutes.

Primary outcomes

  1. Motor Task Performance Accuracy

    Time frame: Immediately after the experimental session

    Motor task performance accuracy will be assessed using a checklist developed by the researchers, considering task characteristics and learning effects. Each movement consists of 6 key performance elements, scored as 0 (not performed) or 1 (performed accurately), with a maximum of 6 points per task. All performances will be video recorded, and three trained raters will independently score the recordings. Inter-rater reliability will be evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) based on total scores.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Replays

    Time frame: During each task trial (approximately 3 minutes per task)

    The number of times the participant presses the replay button to review the visual instructional material before performing the task will be automatically recorded. This measure will be stored using PsychoPy 2025.1.1 (Open Science Tools Ltd., Nottingham, UK).

  2. Number of Hesitations

    Time frame: Immediately after the experimental session (video review)

    The number of hesitations will be counted during motor task performance. A hesitation is defined as a pause lasting more than 1 second, re-checking the visual aid, or modifying the movement. This measure indirectly reflects the participant's movement fluency and level of cognitive certainty. All performances will be video recorded and independently reviewed by three trained raters. Inter-rater reliability will be assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC 3,k).

  3. Understanding of Visual Aids

    Time frame: Immediately after the experimental session

    Participants will rate how helpful each type of visual aid (photo, video, pictogram) was for understanding the motor task. A 5-point Likert scale will be used, where 1 indicates "Not helpful at all" and 5 indicates "Very helpful." Participants will complete this rating immediately after completing each task.

  4. Preference for Visual Aids

    Time frame: Immediately after the experimental session

    Participants will indicate which of the three visual instructional aids (photos, videos, pictograms) they found easiest to understand. This measure captures participants' relative preference for the visual materials after performing the motor tasks.

  5. Perceived Cognitive Load

    Time frame: Immediately after the experimental session

    The degree of mental effort experienced by participants while performing the motor tasks with each type of visual instructional material will be assessed. A pictorial 9-point Likert scale will be used, where a score of 1 indicates "not difficult at all" and a score of 9 indicates "very difficult"

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Jaegyeong Lee

Other

Registry information

Official study title

A Comparison of Visual Aids for Stroke Rehabilitation: Photos, Videos, Pictograms

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Jul 31, 2025
Registry last updated
Nov 25, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.