Health and Lifestyle Support for Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea

The study a randomized, controlled, multicentre trial evaluating a 10-week psychoeducational health and lifestyle intervention with a 9-month follow-up period in women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA).

Background and Significance FHA is a functional endocrine condition that can be reversed through behavioural and lifestyle changes. A structured psychoeducational program may support these changes by improving knowledge, motivation, and self-management skills. The intervention will be compared with treatment as usual (TAU) to determine whether it leads to superior restoration of menstrual and endocrine function.

Study Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a 10-week psychoeducational intervention is effective in restoring menstrual and endocrine function in women with FHA.

Study Setting and Participants A total of 70 women with FHA will be recruited following the same procedures used in Study 1. Participants who meet inclusion criteria and provide informed consent will enter the trial. Those who meet exclusion criteria will receive appropriate clinical information, standard care, or referral to relevant healthcare services.

Power Analysis The sample size calculation is based on findings from a previous trial evaluating an individualized Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention, where ovarian recovery occurred in 87.5% of participants receiving CBT compared with 33% in the observation group. For the current trial, the psychoeducational intervention is expected to yield a slightly lower effect (estimated 70% recovery). With 80% power and α = 0.05, 28 participants per group are required to detect this difference. Allowing for up to 15% attrition, the study will recruit 35 participants per arm.

Study Design The study uses a two-arm, parallel-group, superiority randomized controlled design with 1:1 allocation. Randomization will be conducted by Karolinska Trial Alliance (KTA). Participants will undergo baseline psychiatric screening with MINI+ and complete validated psychological questionnaires at baseline, post-treatment, and at 9-month follow-up. These assessments will capture stress, coping, symptoms of anxiety and depression, eating disorder symptoms, exercise behaviours, and personality traits associated with FHA. Hormonal analyses will be performed at baseline, post-treatment, and at 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-up.

Data and Sample Collection The qualitative and quantitative findings from the feasibility study will inform refinement of the final study protocol. All questionnaire data will be collected electronically via REDCap. Hormonal analyses will include repeated measures of LH and additional hormones related to ovarian function. Participants will report all episodes of vaginal bleeding or spotting during the study period. If bleeding occurs, estradiol and progesterone will be measured 21 days later to assess for ovulation.

Outcome Measures The primary outcome is restoration of menstrual function. Secondary outcomes include normalization of luteinizing hormone (LH; reference range 2.4-13 IU/L) as a marker of restored GnRH pulsatility, as well as reductions in self-reported mental health symptoms at 9-month follow-up. Negative effects will be monitored using self-report instruments.

Statistical Analysis Primary treatment response is defined as restoration of menstruation; secondary response is defined as normalization of LH levels. Planned analyses include hypothesis testing of pre-/post-treatment changes using two-sided paired t-tests. Additional analyses will follow a predefined statistical analysis plan.

Ethical Considerations Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Studies are approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2023-05586-01). An amendment for Study 2 is planned. Participants will complete questionnaires, provide blood samples, and undergo a gynecological examination. The overall risk to participants is considered low, and adverse events will be monitored throughout the study period.

Inclusion criteria

• female
• aged 18-42 years
• fulfill criteria for diagnosis of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism)
• basic proficiency in Swedish
• access to a computer.

Exclusion criteria

• Lack of proficiency in language
• evere psychiatric co-morbidity e.g. psychosis or active eating disorders (anorexia nervosa).