Glyceryl Trinitrate Gel Phonophoresis on Planter Fasciiatis

Patients with plantar fasciitis also typically have a thickened fascia. This change could be related to the reparative process of microtears, fiber degeneration, or edema.

The average thickness of the plantar fascia in healthy individuals is between 2.2 and 3.6 mm. In patients with plantar fasciitis, it ranges from 4.6 to 6.1 mm. In general, individuals with a plantar fascia thicker than 4 mm are considered to have plantar fasciitis.

This scale is the most valid pain rating system and is achieved through the use of a 10-cm horizontal ruler with one end being 0 (no pain) and the other end being 10 (the most severe pain). The ruler has 2 qualitative and quantitative procedures. The patient was asked to mark the qualitative side of the ruler given the extent of their pain. The researcher then returned the ruler and recorded that point as a number. The resulting number is considered as the patient's pain level

It is a sub-maximal exercise test used to assess walk endurance. How much time patient walked before feeling pain at sole of foot was used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity pre and post treatment.

The 6MWT will be performed along a minimally trafficked flat, straight corridor ideally 30 m in length to be consistent with established reference equations. Reference equations exist for shorter tracks, including 20- and 10-m lengths, Procedural Guidelines for 6-Minute Walk Test reflect space limitations in practice. Continuous walks in various shapes (circular, oval, or square) layouts resulted in greater walk distances than non-continuous.

The examiner was positioned lateral to the participant's pathologic ankle. The phone was positioned such that the bottom corner (toward the home button) of the phone was centered on the participant's lateral malleolus with the side edge of the phone parallel to the longitudinal axis of the participant's fifth metatarsal . Once neutral position was attained, the examiner selected the "Start" button on the app, which recorded the angle of this neutral position. Then, as the participant plantar flexed or dorsiflexed, the examiner rotated the phone's position such that the side edge of the phone was repositioned to be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the participant's fifth metatarsal, with the bottom corner of the phone still centered on the participant's lateral malleolus. At this point, the examiner selected the "End" button, and the recorder documented the measured angle of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion displayed on the screen

The modified foot function index (FFI) consists of 17 items scored on a VAS scale with a straight line of 10-cm. It was split into three subscales: pain (5 items), disability (9 items), and activity limitation (3 items).

The items were rated on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), from 0 to 10. The answers lie between "no pain" and "worst pain imaginable" (pain), "no difficulty" and "so difficult as to be unable" (disability), and "none of the time" and "all of the time" (limitations). A score is calculated for every subgroup of items, and the final score is then calculated by adding the subscale scores and dividing the result by 170. The final percentage score is between 0% (best outcome) and 100% (worst outcome) .

The patient is asked to mark the horizontal line at the spot that best corresponds to the effect of the foot complaints.