Glycemic Response of Bean-and-rice Meals in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The 4 test treatments will be administered randomly on a different morning, at least one week apart. Participants will be required to consume the entire test treatment meal in 7 minutes while being observed. All test foods will be purchased from local markets. Capillary blood samples will be collected (~50µl) at time 0 (fasting) and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes post-treatment (timing of the post-treatment blood draws started at time 0 [post-treatment], which is when the participant finishes consuming the treatment meal). Venous blood draws for insulin assessment will also be acquired at fasting and then every hour for the three hour study period. Anthropometric measures such as weight, height and waist circumference will be collected at screening and at the start of each test day. Thirteen hours before testing, participants will eat a control meal to reduce variation in glycemic responses on test days due to varying dietary intakes. This control meal will be selected by each participant before the start of the study. They will be provided a gift card to the chain restaurant to use to purchase their own meal. Since subjects serve as their own controls, the meals must be identical before each test draw. Participants will complete 24 hour recall food records the morning of each test day to provide information related to dietary protocol compliance.

Inclusion criteria

• Eligible subjects will be between the ages of 35 and 75, have a body mass index value (BMI) between 22-40 kg/m2, be physician diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least six (6) months and currently controlling their blood glucose levels using dietary methods, exercise and/or through the use of oral hypoglycemic agents such as Metformin for at least three(3)months, and have an HbA1c <10%.

Exclusion criteria

• Exclusion criteria included: the presence of unresolved health issues (e.g. hypertension not controlled by medication), evidence of condition(s) that would influence the participant's ability to complete the study such as gastrointestinal disease, weight changes of ≥10% of the participants body weight within a 6 month period, women who are either pregnant or breastfeeding, allergy to beans or latex, an HbA1c level >10% at screening, and the inability to follow study protocol.